The Impact of COVID-19 on Well-Being: Welsh Children's Perspectives.

The COVID-19 pandemic saw drastic and unprecedented actions by governments to mitigate the spread of the virus. Often, the restrictions limited in-person interaction and included the closure of schools. To investigate the impact of both the pandemic and resulting restrictions, the International Society of Child Indicators developed the Childrens Worlds: COVID-19 Supplement.

Clostridium perfringens associated with dairy farm systems show diverse genotypes.

Clostridium perfringens is a bacterial species of importance to both public and animal health. Frequently found in food system environments, it presents a risk to food animal health such as dairy herds, and may cross contaminate associated ingredients or food products, with potential to cause sporadic and outbreaks of disease in human populations, including gastroenteric illness. In this study, we characterized C.

Microglial morphology in Alzheimer's disease and after Aβ immunotherapy.

Microglia are the brain immune cells and their function is highly dependent on cell motility. It was hypothesised that morphological variability leads to differences in motility, ultimately impacting on the microglial function. Here, we assessed microglial morphology in 32 controls, 44 Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases and 16 AD cases from patients immunised against Aβ42 (iAD) using 2D and 3D approaches.

Applicability of Enterobacteriaceae and coliforms tests as indicators for Cronobacter in milk powder factory environments.

The emergence of Cronobacter as an important potential pathogen for newborn children and its occurrence in powdered infant formulae has generated a need to develop new management practices for this food group. This includes reduction of the prevalence of Cronobacter in manufacturing environments which can be a source of Cronobacter. This study was performed to assess the suitability of qualitative and quantitative Enterobacteriaceae and coliforms indicator tests for the presence and prevalence of Cronobacter.

Molecular Mechanisms of Microglial Motility: Changes in Ageing and Alzheimer's Disease.

Microglia are the tissue-resident immune cells of the central nervous system, where they constitute the first line of defense against any pathogens or injury. Microglia are highly motile cells and in order to carry out their function, they constantly undergo changes in their morphology to adapt to their environment. The microglial motility and morphological versatility are the result of a complex molecular machinery, mainly composed of mechanisms of organization of the actin cytoskeleton, coupled with a "sensory" system of membrane receptors that allow the cells to perceive changes in their microenvironment and modulate their responses.

Novel in-situ lamella fabrication technique for in-situ TEM.

In-situ transmission electron microscopy is rapidly emerging as the premier technique for characterising materials in a dynamic state on the atomic scale. The most important aspect of in-situ studies is specimen preparation. Specimens must be electron transparent and representative of the material in its operational state, amongst others.

Characterization of Escherichia coli and Salmonella from Victoria, Australia, Dairy Farm Environments.

Safe dairy food production starts at the farm level, with the presence of pathogens on farms potentially impacting the downstream food supply. Studies often commence with looking for pathogens in fecal material of farm animals, predominantly cows; however, pathogens may arise from other on-farm sources. In Australia, few studies have looked at the broader farm environment, particularly in relation to Escherichia coli and Salmonella.

Effect on gene expression of three allelic variants in GATA motifs of ABO, RHD, and RHCE regulatory elements.

Background: Only a few genetic variants have been reported in regulatory elements of blood group genes. Most of them affect GATA motifs, binding sites for the GATA-1 transcription factor.

Study Design And Methods: Samples from two patients and one donor with unusual or discrepant serology for ABO, RhD, and RhCE antigens were analyzed by DNA sequencing.

Consent: an event or a memory in lumbar spinal surgery? A multi-centre, multi-specialty prospective study of documentation and patient recall of consent content.

Study Design: Prospective, multi-centre, multi-specialty medical notes review and patient interview.

Purpose: The consenting process is an important communication tool which also carries medico-legal implications. While written consent is a pre-requisite before spinal surgery in the UK, the standard and effectiveness of the process have not been assessed previously.

Food Seeking in a Risky Environment: A Method for Evaluating Risk and Reward Value in Food Seeking and Consumption in Mice.

Most studies that measure food intake in mice do so in the home cage environment. This necessarily means that mice do not engage in food seeking before consumption, a behavior that is ubiquitous in free-living animals. We modified and validated several commonly used anxiety tests to include a palatable food reward within the anxiogenic zone.

Project ECHO Brings Innovation to Community Health Worker Training and Support.

ECHO is a movement to build capacity to provide best practice care for rural and underserved people all over the world. Community health workers are an integral part of this movement. Using videoconferencing technology to augment in-person training, ECHO creates a community of practice for case-based learning and ongoing support.

Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from raw milk sources in Victoria, Australia.

Background: Highly pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus can cause disease in both humans and animals. In animal species, including ruminants, S. aureus may cause severe or sub-clinical mastitis.

Improving Risk Assessment Calculations for Traditional Foods Through Collaborative Research with First Nations Communities.

As industrial development is increasing near northern Canadian communities, human health risk assessments (HHRA) are conducted to assess the predicted magnitude of impacts of chemical emissions on human health. One exposure pathway assessed for First Nations communities is the consumption of traditional plants, such as muskeg tea (Labrador tea) (Ledum/Rhododendron groenlandicum) and mint (Mentha arvensis). These plants are used to make tea and are not typically consumed in their raw form.

Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Sofia: Growth in and Persistence on Eggs under Production and Retail Conditions.

Salmonellosis in Australia has been linked to eggs and egg products with specific serotypes associated with outbreaks. We compared attachment to and survival on egg shells and growth in eggs of two Salmonella serotypes, an egg outbreak associated Salmonella Typhimurium and a non-egg-associated Salmonella enterica ssp. II 1,4,12,27:b:[e,n,x] (S.

Prevalence, seasonality, and growth of enterococci in raw and pasteurized milk in Victoria, Australia.

This study investigated the prevalence, seasonality, and species variety of enterococci present in raw milk factory silos and pasteurized milk in 3 dairying regions in Victoria, Australia, over a 1-yr period. Additionally, the growth ability of thermoduric enterococci isolated in this study (Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, E.

Characterization of the spore-forming Bacillus cereus sensu lato group and Clostridium perfringens bacteria isolated from the Australian dairy farm environment.

Background: The Bacillus cereus sensu lato group and Clostridium perfringens are spore-forming bacteria often associated with food spoilage and which can cause emetic and diarrheal syndromes in humans and ruminants. This study characterised the phenotypes and genotypes of 50 Bacillus cereus s. l.

Prevalence and characterization of foodborne pathogens from Australian dairy farm environments.

The ability of foodborne pathogens to gain entry into food supply systems remains an ongoing concern. In dairy products, raw milk acts as a major vehicle for this transfer; however, the sources of pathogenic bacteria that contaminate raw milk are often not clear, and environmental sources of contamination or the animals themselves may contribute to the transfer. This survey examined the occurrence of 9 foodborne pathogens in raw milk and environments of 7 dairy farms (3 bovine, 3 caprine, and 1 ovine farm) in summer and autumn, in Victoria, Australia.

A survey of physiotherapists' experience using outcome measures in total hip and knee arthroplasty.

Purpose: To identify physiotherapists' familiarity with and experience using outcome measures (OMs) along the care continuum for patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA) of the hip and knee. Views on future use and barriers were also captured.

Methods: A stratified random sample of physiotherapists in one Canadian province completed a questionnaire about 19 standardized and clinically feasible OMs.

Student nurses' intention to get the influenza vaccine.

Introduction: There is no national or international recommendation for nursing students to receive the influenza vaccine. Nurses are among the group of health professionals who traditionally have a low uptake of the vaccine and who arguably have the closest contact with patients.

Aim: To investigate the uptake of influenza vaccination among student nurses, explore reasons for either declining or receiving it in the past, and establish if and to what extent the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) can explain vaccination behaviour.

Drusen prevalence and pigmentary changes in Caucasians aged 18-54 years.

Aims And Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and characteristics of drusen and pigmentary changes in a middle-aged population.

Methods: Retinal images from 500 individuals aged 18-54 years were included. The source of participants was two UK optometry practices.

Heat resistance of thermoduric enterococci isolated from milk.

Enterococci are reported to survive pasteurisation but the extent of their survival is unclear. Sixty-one thermoduric enterococci isolates were selected from laboratory pasteurised milk obtained from silos in six dairy factories. The isolates were screened to determine log(10) reductions incurred after pasteurisation (63°C/30 min) and ranked from highest to lowest log(10) reduction.

Impacts of traditional food consumption advisories: compliance, changes in diet and loss of confidence in traditional foods.

Background: Food consumption advisories are often posted when industrial activities are expected to affect the quality and availability of traditional foods used by First Nations. We were recently involved in a project and asked to summarize details regarding the impacts of traditional food consumption advisories with respect to compliance, broader changes in diet and loss of confidence in traditional foods by people.

Methods: Our review was not conducted as a formal systematic comprehensive review; rather, we focused on primary and grey literature presenting academic, health practitioner and First Nations viewpoints on the topic available from literature databases (i.