Influence of Genetic Ancestry on Gene-Environment Interactions of Polygenic Risk and Sociocultural Factors: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Background: Many present analyses of Hispanic/Latino populations in epidemiologic research aggregate all members of this ethnic group, despite immense diversity in genetic backgrounds, environment, and culture between and across Hispanic/Latino background groups. Using the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), we examined the role of self-identified background group and genetic ancestry proportions in gene-environment interactions influencing the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and a polygenic score for BMI (PGS).

Methods: Weighted univariate and multivariable generalized linear models were executed to compare the effects of environmental variables identified by McArdle et al.

DJ-1-mediated repression of the RNA-binding protein FMRP is predicted to impact known Alzheimer's disease-related protein networks.

Background: RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) modulate the synaptic proteome and are instrumental in maintaining synaptic homeostasis. Moreover, aberrant expression of an RBP in a disease state would have deleterious downstream effects on synaptic function. While many underlying mechanisms of synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been proposed, the contribution of RBPs has been relatively unexplored.

Strengthening Maternal and Infant Health Resilience Before Weather and Climate Disasters: Preparedness Resources from CDC's Division of Reproductive Health.

This report describes opportunities to address emergency preparedness to incorporate the needs of pregnant and postpartum populations. This report briefly summarizes data on the impacts of weather and climate disasters on maternal and infant health and outlines opportunities for individuals, health care providers, and public health practitioners to increase capacity to prepare for these occurrences, which are becoming more frequent and costly. Specific resources from the U.

: the implications of excitatory GABAergic signaling in neurological disorders.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. In the mature brain, inhibitory GABAergic signaling is critical in maintaining neuronal homeostasis and vital human behaviors such as cognition, emotion, and motivation. While classically known to inhibit neuronal function under physiological conditions, previous research indicates a paradoxical switch from inhibitory to excitatory GABAergic signaling that is implicated in several neurological disorders.

Aberrant DJ-1 expression underlies L-type calcium channel hypoactivity in dendrites in tuberous sclerosis complex and Alzheimer's disease.

L-type voltage-gated calcium (Ca) channels (L-VGCC) dysfunction is implicated in several neurological and psychiatric diseases. While a popular therapeutic target, it is unknown whether molecular mechanisms leading to disrupted L-VGCC across neurodegenerative disorders are conserved. Importantly, L-VGCC integrate synaptic signals to facilitate a plethora of cellular mechanisms; however, mechanisms that regulate L-VGCC channel density and subcellular compartmentalization are understudied.

The impact of wound pH on the antibacterial properties of Medical Grade Honey when applied to bacterial isolates present in common foot and ankle wounds. An in vitro study.

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and post-surgical wound infections are amongst the most troublesome complications of diabetes and following foot and ankle surgery (FAS) respectively. Both have significant psychosocial and financial burden for both patients and the healthcare system. FAS has been reported to have higher than average post-surgical infections when compared to other orthopaedic subspecialties.

Pharmacological and Genetic Disruption of C-Type Natriuretic Peptide () Expression in Zebrafish () Causes Stunted Growth during Development.

Human patients with mutations within or genes (encoding C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and guanylyl cyclase-B (GC-B), respectively) display clinical signs associated with skeletal abnormalities, such as overgrowth or short stature. Mice with induced models of or deletion display profound achondroplasia, dwarfism and early death. Recent pharmacological therapies to treat short stature are utilizing long-acting CNP analogues, but the effects of manipulating CNP expression during development remain unknown.

Asthma-Associated Emergency Department Visits During the Canadian Wildfire Smoke Episodes - United States, April- August 2023.

During April 30-August 4, 2023, smoke originating from wildfires in Canada affected most of the contiguous United States. CDC used National Syndromic Surveillance Program data to assess numbers and percentages of asthma-associated emergency department (ED) visits on days with wildfire smoke, compared with days without wildfire smoke. Wildfire smoke days were defined as days when concentrations of particulate matter (particles generally ≤2.

A Gene-Acculturation Study of Obesity Among US Hispanic/Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Objective: In the United States, Hispanic/Latino adults face a high burden of obesity; yet, not all individuals are equally affected, partly due in part to this ethnic group's marked sociocultural diversity. We sought to analyze the modification of body mass index (BMI) genetic effects in Hispanic/Latino adults by their level of acculturation, a complex biosocial phenomenon that remains understudied.

Methods: Among 11,747 Hispanic/Latinos adults in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos aged 18 to 76 years from four urban communities (2008-2011), we a) tested our hypothesis that the effect of a genetic risk score (GRS) for increased BMI may be exacerbated by higher levels of acculturation and b) examined if GRS acculturation interactions varied by gender or Hispanic/Latino background group.

De novo transcriptomes for two species of snappers from the Western Atlantic (Lutjanus griseus and Lutjanus synagris).

Transcriptomes are appropriate resources for studying species that lack sequenced genomes, as they can serve as references for a broad suite of genetic applications, including: phylogenetic assessments, population genomics, and evaluate responses to environmental fluctuations. Here, we present the transcriptomes of two species of marine fishes of commercial and ecological relevance in the Western Atlantic: Lutjanus griseus and L. synagris.

Modelling KNDy neurons and gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generation.

The pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its frequency are crucial for healthy reproductive function. To understand what drives GnRH pulses, a combination of experimental and mathematical modelling approaches has been used. Early work focussed on the possibility that GnRH pulse generation is an intrinsic feature of GnRH neurons, with autocrine feedback generating pulsatility.

Mpox Cases Among Cisgender Women and Pregnant Persons - United States, May 11-November 7, 2022.

Monkeypox (mpox) cases in the 2022 outbreak have primarily occurred among adult gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM); however, other populations have also been affected (1). To date, data on mpox in cisgender women and pregnant persons have been limited. Understanding transmission in these populations is critical for mpox prevention.

Epidemiologic and Clinical Features of Children and Adolescents Aged <18 Years with Monkeypox - United States, May 17-September 24, 2022.

Data on monkeypox in children and adolescents aged <18 years are limited (1,2). During May 17–September 24, 2022, a total of 25,038 monkeypox cases were reported in the United States, primarily among adult gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (3). During this period, CDC and U.

DetectSyn: A Rapid, Unbiased Fluorescent Method to Detect Changes in Synapse Density.

Synapses are the site of communication between neurons. Neuronal circuit strength is related to synaptic density, and the breakdown of synapses is characteristic of disease states like major depressive disorder (MDD) and Alzheimer's disease. Traditional techniques to investigate synapse numbers include genetic expression of fluorescent markers (e.

Mathematical models in GnRH research.

Mathematical modelling is an indispensable tool in modern biosciences, enabling quantitative analysis and integration of biological data, transparent formulation of our understanding of complex biological systems, and efficient experimental design based on model predictions. This review article provides an overview of the impact that mathematical models had on GnRH research. Indeed, over the last 20 years mathematical modelling has been used to describe and explore the physiology of the GnRH neuron, the mechanisms underlying GnRH pulsatile secretion, and GnRH signalling to the pituitary.

Findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos on the Importance of Sociocultural Environmental Interactors: Polygenic Risk Score-by-Immigration and Dietary Interactions.

Hispanic/Latinos experience a disproportionate burden of obesity. Acculturation to US obesogenic diet and practices may lead to an exacerbation of innate genetic susceptibility. We examined the role of gene-environment interactions to better characterize the sociocultural environmental determinants and their genome-scale interactions, which may contribute to missing heritability of obesity.

Distally Based Sartorius Flap for Soft Tissue Coverage of the Distal Femur.

This case report outlines the use of the distal pedicle of the sartorius muscle in the coverage of a large bony and soft tissue defects of the distal femur in a trauma setting. McArdle C, Louette S, Wilks D, Distally Based Sartorius Flap for Soft Tissue Coverage of the Distal Femur. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 2021;16(2):120-122.

IGFBP-1 expression is reduced in human type 2 diabetic glomeruli and modulates β1-integrin/FAK signalling in human podocytes.

Aims/hypothesis: Podocyte loss or injury is one of the earliest features observed in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which is the leading cause of end-stage renal failure worldwide. Dysfunction in the IGF axis, including in IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), is associated with DKD, particularly in the early stages of disease progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential roles of IGFBPs in the development of type 2 DKD, focusing on podocytes.

Localized temporal co-delivery of interleukin 10 and decorin genes using amediated by collagen-based biphasic scaffold modulates the expression of TGF-β1/β2 in a rabbit ear hypertrophic scarring model.

Hypertrophic scarring (HS) is an intractable complication associated with cutaneous wound healing. Although transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) has long been documented as a central regulatory cytokine in fibrogenesis and fibroplasia, there is currently no cure. Gene therapy is emerging as a powerful tool to attenuate the overexpression of TGF-β1 and its signaling activities.

Natriuretic Peptide Expression and Function in GH3 Somatolactotropes and Feline Somatotrope Pituitary Tumours.

Patients harbouring mutations in genes encoding C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP; ) or its receptor guanylyl cyclase B (GC-B, ) suffer from severe growth phenotypes; loss-of-function mutations cause achondroplasia, whereas gain-of-function mutations cause skeletal overgrowth. Although most of the effects of CNP/GC-B on growth are mediated directly on bone, evidence suggests the natriuretic peptides may also affect anterior pituitary control of growth. Our previous studies described the expression of and in a range of human pituitary tumours, normal human pituitary, and normal fetal human pituitary.

Kisspeptin receptor agonist has therapeutic potential for female reproductive disorders.

BACKGROUNDKisspeptin is a key regulator of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and is essential for reproductive health. A specific kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R) agonist could significantly expand the potential clinical utility of therapeutics targeting the kisspeptin pathway. Herein, we investigate the effects of a KISS1R agonist, MVT-602, in healthy women and in women with reproductive disorders.

An information theoretic approach to insulin sensing by human kidney podocytes.

Podocytes are key components of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). They are insulin-responsive but can become insulin-resistant, causing features of the leading global cause of kidney failure, diabetic nephropathy. Insulin acts via insulin receptors to control activities fundamental to GFB integrity, but the amount of information transferred is unknown.