The crystal structure of Grindelia robusta 7,13-copalyl diphosphate synthase reveals active site features controlling catalytic specificity.

Diterpenoid natural products serve critical functions in plant development and ecological adaptation and many diterpenoids have economic value as bioproducts. The family of class II diterpene synthases catalyzes the committed reactions in diterpenoid biosynthesis, converting a common geranylgeranyl diphosphate precursor into different bicyclic prenyl diphosphate scaffolds. Enzymatic rearrangement and modification of these precursors generate the diversity of bioactive diterpenoids.

The role of 'familiarity' and 'normality' in supporting transition to end of life care in paediatric oncology: A qualitative study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore factors that helped when a child with cancer transitioned to end of life care in a hospital setting.

Design: Qualitative exploratory design using reflexive thematic analysis.

Methods: In-depth, semi-structured interviews were carried out with 7 sets of bereaved parents and 10 health professionals from one specialist paediatric oncology centre.

Structure and Interactions of HIV-1 gp41 CHR-NHR Reverse Hairpin Constructs Reveal Molecular Determinants of Antiviral Activity.

Engineered reverse hairpin constructs containing a partial C-heptad repeat (CHR) sequence followed by a short loop and full-length N-heptad repeat (NHR) were previously shown to form trimers in solution and to be nanomolar inhibitors of HIV-1 Env mediated fusion. Their target is the in situ gp41 fusion intermediate, and they have similar potency to other previously reported NHR trimers. However, their design implies that the NHR is partially covered by CHR, which would be expected to limit potency.

Structural Basis for Expanded Substrate Specicities of Human Long Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase and Related Acyl- CoA Dehydrogenases.

Crystal structures of human long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) and the E291Q mutant, have been determined. These structures suggest that LCAD harbors functions beyond its historically defined role in mitochondrial β-oxidation of long and medium-chain fatty acids. LCAD is a homotetramer containing one FAD per 43kDa subunit with Glu291 as the catalytic base.

COVID-19 Preparedness, Stressors, and Data-Driven Solutions for Healthcare Workers at a Regional Rural-Urban Hospital System: A Longitudinal Total Worker Health Study.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, healthcare workers were devastated by the insufficient preparedness to respond to their patients' and personal health needs. A gap exists in resources to prevent or reduce acute and long-term healthcare worker mental illnesses resulting from COVID-19 frontline response.

Methods: We performed an exploratory, mixed methods, longitudinal study of healthcare workers at a regional rural-urban hospital system in the Midwest United States during the COVID-19 response (4 timepoints, 2020).

Nursing Care of Delaware's Stroke Patients.

This article will highlight essential nursing care in each aspect of the continuum of stroke care. Nursing interventions will be covered from primary stroke prevention through the transitions needed for healthy return to the community and secondary stroke prevention.

Cardiff women: an inspiration to us all.

Cardiff University School of Dentistry opened in 1966 and remains on its original site which it shares with the University Hospital of Wales. It currently admits around 100 undergraduate students per year: 74 Bachelor of Dental Surgery students, 26 dental care professionals and 40 postgraduate students. Whilst the School's overall vision is for 'excellent, equitable dental and oral health through education and research', one of the key aims to reach this is an inclusive and welcoming culture which ensures equal opportunities for staff and students of all ages, ethnicities, disabilities, family structures, genders, nationalities, sexual orientations, races, religions or other beliefs and socio-economic backgrounds.

Denture cleanliness and hygiene: an overview.

Dentures are an excellent treatment modality for partial and edentate patients; however, improper denture care and hygiene can result in both decreased longevity of the prosthesis and increased risk of developing dental caries, periodontal disease and oral candidosis. Previously, it has been shown that patients and dental professionals are unaware of the different materials and methods available for optimum denture care and hygiene. This article provides an overview of the key legislation and main commercially available methods for denture cleanliness and hygiene, and serves as a basis for providing tailored denture hygiene for denture wearers.

UCAT and dental student selection in the UK - what has changed?

Introduction The University Clinical Aptitude Test (UCAT) has been used since 2006 by a consortium of UK medical and dental schools to assist in undergraduate selection. In 2019, UCAT was used by 30 universities (14 dental schools).Aim To report how UCAT use has changed in undergraduate student selection in the UK.

How gender, education and nutrition knowledge contribute to food insecurity among adults in Australia.

Food and nutrition insecurity occurs when healthy and safe food cannot be obtained by socially acceptable means and arises as a result of complex interactions between socioeconomic and demographic determinants. These factors contribute to discrepancies in health and well-being between men and women and may also explain differential rates of food insecurity. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to investigate the intersection between gender, education, nutrition knowledge and food security status within a high-income country context.

Identity, civic engagement, and altruism: a phenomenological exploration of activity engagement in older adults.

Background: Older adults' health and quality of life, proxies for aging well, are tied to activity engagement. Recent research indicates studying the perspective of older adults through their personal stories is key to understanding the phenomenon of occupational engagement as experienced day-to-day.

Aim: To uncover the lived experience of older adults within their natural settings to better understand the phenomenon of activity engagement.

Understanding dental students' use of feedback.

Introduction: Feedback can enhance learning and is thought to be highly valued by students; however, it is not clear from the literature how dental students actually use feedback.

Aim: This study aimed to explore how dental students use feedback in a variety of contexts.

Methods: Qualitative methods involving audio-recorded focus groups were used to explore the use of feedback by undergraduate dental students studying at three UK dental schools.

Reciprocal Regulation of HSD11B1 and HSD11B2 Predicts Glucocorticoid Sensitivity in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

There are few biomarkers to predict efficacy of glucocorticoid treatment in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at diagnosis. Here, we demonstrate reciprocal regulation of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD), may predict the apoptotic response of ALL to glucocorticoid treatment. Our data may be useful to refine glucocorticoid treatment, to retain benefit while minimizing side effects.

Engineering glycoside hydrolase stability by the introduction of zinc binding.

The development of robust enzymes, in particular cellulases, is a key step in the success of biological routes to `second-generation' biofuels. The typical sources of the enzymes used to degrade biomass include mesophilic and thermophilic organisms. The endoglucanase J30 from glycoside hydrolase family 9 was originally identified through metagenomic analyses of compost-derived bacterial consortia.

Berkeley Screen: a set of 96 solutions for general macromolecular crystallization.

Using statistical analysis of the Biological Macromolecular Crystallization Database, combined with previous knowledge about crystallization reagents, a crystallization screen called the Berkeley Screen has been created. Correlating crystallization conditions and high-resolution protein structures, it is possible to better understand the influence that a particular solution has on protein crystal formation. Ions and small molecules such as buffers and precipitants used in crystallization experiments were identified in electron density maps, highlighting the role of these chemicals in protein crystal packing.