Analysis of gene expression profiles to elucidate racial differences in African American and White patients with Triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the second most diagnosed subtype of breast cancer. It is known to be the most aggressive one that lacks known targetable receptors. One of the concerns in TNBC is the disparities in its prevalence and tumor pathogenesis among women with non-Hispanic African American backgrounds.

Effectiveness and tolerability of mirabegron in children with overactive bladder: A retrospective pilot study.

Aims: Mirabegron has promising results for OAB symptoms in adults, although the potential for cardiovascular side effects has caused concern. Efficacy and tolerability in children have not been extensively studied. Effectiveness, tolerability, and side effects of Mirabegron are reported in children with refractory OAB.

Management of paediatric high-grade blunt renal trauma: a 10-year single-centre UK experience.

Objective: To report the management and outcome of paediatric patients sustaining high-grade blunt renal trauma.

Patients And Methods: Medical records were examined for all American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grade III-V blunt renal trauma cases admitted to a paediatric trauma centre from 2005 to 2015. Data collected and analysed included: demographics, imaging modalities, management, length of hospital stay (LOS), complications, and follow-up outcomes.

Urinary incontinence - an unusual indication for early vaginoplasty in late presenting congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Background: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive condition leading to deficient cortisol with an incidence of 1/16,000. Patients with CAH typically present early with ambiguous genitalia or as an emergency with adrenal crisis.

Case: We report an atypical late presentation of a 4-year-old girl with pubertal-like symptoms and urinary incontinence, due to a persistent urogenital sinus (UGS).

Granuloma annulare of the penis in a seven-year-old boy.

Subcutaneous granuloma annulare of the penis is rare, with only 10 cases in the world literature. This paper describes the youngest case ever reported and reviews its clinical features and management.

A prospective randomized trial of the effect of a soluble adhesive on the ease of dressing removal following hypospadias repair.

Aim: To determine whether the use of a novel dressing removal technique resulted in shorter removal times, reduced the child's experience of pain and/or reduced parental anxiety when compared to a standard approach.

Methods: This prospective unblinded randomized controlled trial of 53 consecutive boys undergoing primary hypospadias repair was powered using data from a prior feasibility study. Children were randomized to a standard control dressing (A) or standard dressing plus Cavilontrade mark (B) group.

Peritoneovenous shunting is an effective treatment for intractable ascites.

Aim And Methods: A retrospective review was carried out of children undergoing peritoneovenous shunting for intractable ascites.

Results: 11 children, aged 3 months to 12 years (median 31 months) underwent peritoneovenous shunting over the past 17 years. The duration of ascites ranged from one month to 2.

The use of ureteral stents and suprapubic catheter in vesicoureteric reflux surgery.

The use of ureteric stents in reimplantation surgery is important. The younger the patient, the more important the stenting of ureters post reimplantation becomes, because even minimal oedema following surgery will produce ureteric obstruction unless stents are in place. JJ stents are now the preferred method of choice in ureteric reimplantation surgery, but in the past the patient required another admission to hospital and general anaesthetic to have the stents removed endoscopically.

Surgical complications of pancreatectomy for persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia of infancy.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to review the surgical complications of pancreatectomy for persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia of infancy (PHHI).

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of patients undergoing pancreatectomy for PHHI in one institution over the past 13 years.

Results: The records of 48 patients were reviewed; the age at operation ranged from 10 days to 30 months (median, 8 weeks).

The incidence and investigation of acute scrotal problems in children.

The true incidence of the various causes of acute scrotum in children is unclear; epididymo-orchitis (EO) is thought to be uncommon. Investigation for underlying urological abnormality in children with EO is recommended. To determine the incidence of the various pathologies in boys presenting to the emergency department with an acute scrotal condition and assess the value of further investigation of the urinary tract in a subgroup of boys with EO, a retrospective review of 100 consecutive patients admitted with a diagnosis of testicular pain was performed.

A new complication of the Malone antegrade continence enema.

The Malone antegrade continence enema now commonly known as the ACE procedure was described originally for the treatment of intractable fecal incontinence in 1990. Since this time it has been used widely in many centers for the treatment of constipation and faecal soiling in both adult and pediatric practice. This case report describes a previously unreported complication of an ACE that developed in a disused appendicocecostomy in a child.

Continent catheterizable conduits: which stoma, which conduit and which reservoir?

Objective: To assess the outcome of the various methods used in creating continent catheterizable conduits.

Patients And Methods: The case notes were reviewed from 89 patients who underwent the formation of 112 continent catheterizable conduits.

Results: Sixty-five conduits were Mitrofanoff and 47 were antegrade colonic enema (ACE); 21 patients had both.

The effects of intravenous epidermal growth factor on bacterial translocation and central venous catheter infection in the rat total parenteral nutrition model.

Sepsis is a major complication of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in children. Gut mucosal atrophy (GMA) and bacterial translocation (BT) occur in patients receiving TPN, and the translocated enteric organisms may cause central venous catheter (CVC) infection. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has a trophic effect on the gut mucosa and may reduce BT, thereby reducing catheter infection.

Intravenous glutamine or short-chain fatty acids reduce central venous catheter infection in a model of total parenteral nutrition.

Background/purpose: In children receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) translocated enteric organisms are a possible cause of central venous catheter infection. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between gut mucosal atrophy, bacterial translocation, and catheter sepsis in rats receiving TPN alone or supplemented with intravenous short chain fatty acids (SCFA) or glutamine.

Methods: Mature Wistar rats were studied.