Parallel ecological and evolutionary responses to selection in a natural bacterial community.

Evolution can occur over ecological timescales, suggesting a potentially important role for rapid evolution in shaping community trait distributions. However, evidence of concordant eco-evolutionary dynamics often comes from in vitro studies of highly simplified communities, and measures of ecological and evolutionary dynamics are rarely directly comparable. Here, we quantified how ecological species sorting and rapid evolution simultaneously shape community trait distributions by tracking within- and between-species changes in a key trait in a complex bacterial community.

Cucurbit Leaf Crumple Virus Is Seed Transmitted in Yellow Squash ().

The traditional understanding of begomovirus transmission exclusively through the whitefly (Gennadius) has shifted with findings of seed transmission in some begomoviruses over the last decade. We investigated the seed transmissibility of cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV), a bipartite begomovirus that has recently emerged as a severe constraint for yellow squash ( L.) production in the southeastern United States.

First Report of Watermelon Crinkle Leaf-Associated Virus-2 (WCLaV-2) in Watermelon () in Georgia, USA.

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a key horticultural crop in Georgia with farmgate value of 142 million USD (2022 Farm Gate Value Report), yet faces challenges from whitefly-transmitted viruses, especially during periods of elevated whitefly populations in the fall. Foliar symptoms on watermelon plants including yellow mottling and chlorosis, wrinkling, bunching, and upward curling, were observed in experimental fields at UGA Tifton and commercial fields in Colquitt County in the fall of 2023. These were similar to those described for watermelon crinkle leaf-associated viruses (WCLaV-1 and WCLaV-2) from Florida (Hendrick et al, 2021) and Texas (Hernandez et al.

Natural occurrence of tomato chlorosis virus on tomatillo () in the United States.

Tomatillo (Physalis philadelphica L.) is an annual plant native to Mexico and Guatemala, and cultivated in other tropical and subtropical regions. In October 2023, tomatillo plants with interveinal yellowing of leaves, marginal chlorosis, leaf thickening, and leaf rolling symptoms (Figure 1) were observed at Colquitt and Tift County, Georgia, US.

Temperature-dependent Development, Survival, and Oviposition of Laricobius osakensis (Coleoptera: Derodontidae): A Specialist Predator of Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae).

A predator, Laricobius osakensis Montgomery and Shiyake (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), is being mass-produced and released for the biological control of the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae). To better understand and predict the seasonality of this predator in North America, the development and reproduction of L. osakensis were evaluated at constant temperatures ranging from 5 to 22°C.

Subterranean Survivorship and Seasonal Emergence of Laricobius spp. (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), Biological Control Agents for the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid.

Following the adventive arrival, subsequent spread, and ensuing impact of Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) in the eastern United States, a robust initiative was launched with the goal of decreasing ecosystem impacts from the loss of eastern hemlock (Pinales: Pinaceae). This initiative includes the use of biological control agents, including Laricobius spp. (Insecta: Coleoptera).

The PET tracer [C]MK-6884 quantifies M4 muscarinic receptor in rhesus monkeys and patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Positron emission tomography (PET) ligands play an important role in the development of therapeutics by serving as target engagement or pharmacodynamic biomarkers. Here, we describe the discovery and translation of the PET tracer [C]MK-6884 from rhesus monkeys to patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). [H]MK-6884/[C]MK-6884 binds with high binding affinity and good selectivity to an allosteric site on M4 muscarinic cholinergic receptors (M4Rs) in vitro and shows a regional distribution in the brain consistent with M4R localization in vivo.

Shroud of Turin ultraviolet light images: color and information content.

This paper builds on an earlier paper [Appl. Opt.58, 6958 (2019)APOPAI0003-693510.

Experimental Medicine Study to Measure Immune Checkpoint Receptors PD-1 and GITR Turnover Rates In Vivo in Humans.

Development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting immune-checkpoint receptors (IMRs) for the treatment of cancer is one of the most active areas of investment in the biopharmaceutical industry. A key decision in the clinical development of anti-IMR mAbs is dose selection. Dose selection can be challenging because the traditional oncology paradigm of administering the maximum tolerated dose is not applicable to anti-IMR mAbs.

The Inability of Spotted Lanternfly () to Vector a Plant Pathogen between its Preferred Host, , in a Laboratory Setting.

With the recent introduction of the non-native spotted lanternfly () to the USA, research and concern regarding this insect is increasing. Though is able to feed on many different plant species, its preference for the invasive tree-of-heaven () is apparent, especially during its later life stage. Therefore, management focused on control to help limit establishment and population growth has become popular.

Analysis of UV photographs of the Shroud of Turin.

The Shroud of Turin is one of the most widely studied ancient relics in history. In this paper, recently published UV photographs of the Shroud are analyzed. It is shown that the Shroud exhibits very unique UV fluorescence properties, and fluoresces more on its right side than its left side.

Pre- and post-operative antibiotics in conjunction with cytoreductive surgery and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) should be considered for pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) treatment.

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a subtype of peritoneal carcinomatosis that is traditionally treated by cytoreductive surgery (CRS) followed by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). A growing body of evidence suggests that microbes are associated with various tumor types and have been found in organs and cavities that were once considered sterile. Prior and ongoing research from our consortium of PMP researchers strongly suggests that bacteria are associated with PMP tumors.

Field-Cage Evaluation of Survival, Reproduction, and Feeding Behavior of Adult Scymnus coniferarum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a Predator of Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae).

The hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand, is an invasive pest of eastern (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière) and Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana Engelmann) forests in the eastern United States. Scymnus (Pullus) coniferarum Crotch (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a lady beetle that preys on A.

An evaluation of an aptamer for use as an affinity reagent with MS: PCSK9 as an example protein.

Background: For quantitative immunoaffinity IA-LC-MS, the utility of antibodies has been demonstrated many times but the utility of aptamers as affinity reagents is unproven.

Methods: Immunoaffinity reagents including a monoclonal antibody and an aptamer were coupled to magnetic beads and used as part of an enrichment strategy for PCSK9 quantitation in plasma.

Results: With limited method development, we have established a comparison of an anti-PCSK9 aptamer with an anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibody.

The clinical utility of mass spectrometry based protein assays.

Reports of mass spectrometry based assays for peptides and proteins have become increasingly common in the literature. The growing interest of mass spectrometry for use in clinical laboratories has been primarily driven by the inherent selectivity of the platform relative to more traditional platforms such as immunoassays. However, the adoption of mass spectrometry for peptide and protein analysis in the clinic has been relatively slow compared its adoption in non-clinical laboratories such as in biomarker discovery efforts or within laboratories that support pharmaceutical and academic research.

An LC-MRM method for measuring intestinal triglyceride assembly using an oral stable isotope-labeled fat challenge.

Aim: A traditional oral fatty acid challenge assesses absorption of triacylglycerol (TG) into the periphery through the intestines, but cannot distinguish the composition or source of fatty acid in the TG. Stable isotope-labeled tracers combined with LC-MRM can be used to identify and distinguish TG synthesized with dietary and stored fatty acids.

Results: Concentrations of three abundant TGs (52:2, 54:3 and 54:4) were monitored for incorporation of one or two (2)H11-oleate molecules per TG.

A Novel Member of Chitinophagaceae Isolated from a Human Peritoneal Tumor.

Peritoneal tumors from a rare malignancy, pseudomyxoma peritonei, frequently contain bacteria. Evidence suggests that tumor-associated bacteria contribute to pseudomyxoma peritonei development and/or progression. One unique isolate (PMP191F) was characterized via whole-genome sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform.

Grafting Using Rootstocks with Resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum Against Meloidogyne incognita in Tomato Production.

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.) and Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, are major soilborne pathogens in U.S.

Quantitation of human peptides and proteins via MS: review of analytically validated assays.

Since the development of monoclonal antibodies in the 1970s, antibody-based assays have been used for the quantitation of proteins and peptides and, today, they are the most widely used technology in routine laboratory medicine and bioanalysis. However, in the last couple of decades, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) techniques have been adopted in the quantitation of small molecules, and more recently have made significant contributions in the quantitation of proteins and peptides. In this article, we will review clinical MS-based assays for endogenous peptides, proteins, and therapeutic antibodies, for which validated methods exist.

Practical immunoaffinity-enrichment LC-MS for measuring protein kinetics of low-abundance proteins.

Background: For a more complete understanding of pharmacodynamic, metabolic, and pathophysiologic effects, protein kinetics, such as production rate and fractional catabolic rate, can offer substantially more information than protein concentration alone. Kinetic experiments with stable isotope tracers typically require laborious sample preparation and are most often used for studying abundant proteins. Here we describe a practical methodology for measuring isotope enrichment into low-abundance proteins that uses an automated procedure and immunoaffinity enrichment (IA) with LC-MS.

Quantification of tau in cerebrospinal fluid by immunoaffinity enrichment and tandem mass spectrometry.

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau is a common biomarker for Alzheimer disease (AD). Measurements of tau have historically been performed using immunoassays. Given the molecular diversity of tau in CSF, the selectivity of these immunoassays has often been questioned.

A core microbiome associated with the peritoneal tumors of pseudomyxoma peritonei.

Background: Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a malignancy characterized by dissemination of mucus-secreting cells throughout the peritoneum. This disease is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and despite effective treatment options for early-stage disease, patients with PMP often relapse. Thus, there is a need for additional treatment options to reduce relapse rate and increase long-term survival.

Maintaining tumor targeting accuracy in real-time motion compensation systems for respiration-induced tumor motion.

Purpose: To determine how best to time respiratory surrogate-based tumor motion model updates by comparing a novel technique based on external measurements alone to three direct measurement methods.

Methods: Concurrently measured tumor and respiratory surrogate positions from 166 treatment fractions for lung or pancreas lesions were analyzed. Partial-least-squares regression models of tumor position from marker motion were created from the first six measurements in each dataset.

Antibiotic treatment decreases microbial burden associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei and affects β-catenin distribution.

Purpose: Pseudomyxoma peritonei is an understudied cancer in which an appendiceal neoplasm invades the peritoneum and forms tumor foci on abdominal organs. Previous studies have shown that bacteria reside within pseudomyxoma peritonei tumors and mucin. Thus, we sought to analyze the effect of antibiotics on bacterial density and β-catenin expression within pseudomyxoma peritonei samples.