Phenotypic plasticity in size of ant-domatia.

Ant-plants produce hollow structures called domatia to host protecting ants. Although size variation in domatia is well documented between related species, intraspecific variation is little explored. The central African ant-plant Barteria dewevrei exibits strong variation in domatium size, giving the opportunity to explore the mechanism underlying variation in a mutualistic trait.

[Susceptibility status of and to Organophosphates and Carbamates in the Agricultural Exploitation Zones of oil Palm at Mouila, Gabon].

This study was conducted during the rainy season of 2017 in the agricultural areas at Mouila, with the aim to assess the determination of susceptibility of complex to insecticides and the detection of Ace 1 mutation. Mosquito larvae were collected by using the method and nursed to adult stage. The susceptibility of adult populations to organophosphates and carbamates was assessed using the standard WHO susceptibility test protocol.

Decline in the seroprevalence of syphilis markers among first-time blood donors in Libreville (Gabon) between 2004 and 2016.

Background: Very few studies have been conducted on the seroprevalence of syphilis in Gabon. According to the World Health Organization, the average seroprevalence of syphilis has declined from 5.5 to 1.

Taxonomic revision of the African genus (Annonaceae).

(Annonaceae) is a tropical African genus of trees occurring mainly in rain forests. Until recently, contained only two species: from West Africa and from Central and East Africa. Genetic data, using chloroplast haplotypes and nuclear microsatellites as well as morphometric analyses, provided important information on the delineation of species.

Assessment of rapid diagnostic tests and fourth-generation Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays in the screening of Human Immunodeficiency and Hepatitis B virus infections among first-time blood donors in Libreville (Gabon).

Background: Blood transfusion is a pathway for the transmission of blood-borne pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) from donors to recipients in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa, including Gabon. The study aimed to compare the performance of four rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs: Alere DETERMINE, BIOSYNEX Exacto Pro HIV, MEDIFF HIV 1&2, and BIOSYNEX IMMUNOQUICK HBsAg) with results of 4th-generation immunoenzymatic assays COBAS 6000 e601 and EVOLIS BioRad for the detection of HIV and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in blood donors in Libreville, Gabon.

Methods: Reactive and nonreactive blood samples for HIV and HBsAg were selected using fourth-generation ELISA COBAS 6000 e601 and EVOLIS BioRad.

Prevalent hepatitis B surface antigen among first-time blood donors in Gabon.

Despite chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection being the main cause of younger-onset complex liver disease including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Africa, very little is known regarding the seroprevalence of HBV in the Gabonese general population. This investigation aimed to provide strong epidemiological data and risk factors associated with HBV infection in first-time blood donors representative of the urban adult population. The screening of HBsAg was carried out using 4th generation ELISA kits.

Bio-efficacy of medicinal plants used for the management of diabetes mellitus in Gabon: An ethnopharmacological approach.

Background/aim: People suffering of diabetes increased significantly worldwide. Population, in Sub-Saharan Africa and mainly in Gabon, rely on medicinal plants to manage diabetes, as well in rural as in urban areas. This study aimed to survey a wide range of Gabonese plants for their antidiabetic activity.

Malaria in urban, semi-urban and rural areas of southern of Gabon: comparison of the Pfmdr 1 and Pfcrt genotypes from symptomatic children.

Background: Artesunate-amodiaquine (AS-AQ) and artemether-lumefantrine (AL) are first- and second-line treatments for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Gabon. AL remains highly efficacious, but its widespread use has led to molecular selection of the NFD haplotype on Pfmdr1 and K76 in Pfcrt. In this study, plasmodial infection characteristics and the distribution of the Pfmdr1 and Pfcrt genotypes involved in reduced efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) were investigated in four Gabonese localities.

Prevalence of malaria, prevention measures, and main clinical features in febrile children admitted to the Franceville Regional Hospital, Gabon.

Recently, major progress has been made in controlling malaria in Africa. However, in Gabon, little information is available on the role of malaria in childhood febrile syndromes, the use and efficacy of preventive measures, and Plasmodium species distribution. Here, we characterized malaria in febrile children in Franceville, Gabon through a cross-sectional study at the pediatric unit of the Franceville Regional Hospital.

High Frequency of Trypanosoma congolense Savannah Type (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) Among Tsetse Flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) in a Historic Trypanosoma Foci in North-Eastern Gabon: Preliminary Study [corrected].

Human African trypanosomiasis became a neglected disease after the 1960s, when case numbers dropped dramatically. It again became a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa at the end of the 1990s, when new cases were reported, notably in Central Africa, and specifically in Gabon, where historic foci existed and new cases have been reported. Therefore, the present study reports on an entomological survey conducted in May 2012 to determine the pathogenic trypanosome infection rate in tsetse flies and characterize the diversity of Trypanosoma species in the Ivindo National Park (INP) in northeastern Gabon.

Inventory of potential vectors of trypanosoma and infection rate of the Tsetse fly in the National Park of Ivindo, Gabon.

Background: Trypanosoma's vectors distribution is poorly investigated in Gabon, where Trypanosomiasis historical foci exist. Thus, an active detection of Trypanosoma sp transmission needs to be assessed.

Objectives: The present study aims to identify potential vectors of Trypanosoma sp and to evaluate the infection rate of the Tsetse fly in an area of Gabon.

Is there a suburban sleeping sickness in Libreville?

Background: The transmission of sleeping sickness occurs primarily in rural areas, and exposed populations are those living from rural activities such as agriculture, fishing, animal husbandry or hunting. However, urban and suburban foci are more and more reported in T. b.

Spatio-temporal variation of biting flies, Stomoxys spp. (Diptera: Muscidae), along a man-made disturbance gradient, from primary forest to the city of Makokou (North-East, Gabon).

Understanding the pattern of abundance of vector populations is important to control the potential of transmission of associated pathogens. The pattern of abundance of Stomoxys Geoffroy, an ubiquitous blood-sucking fly, is poorly known in tropical Africa. In this study, we investigated the spatio-temporal pattern of abundance of the Stomoxys genus along a gradient of man-made disturbance in north-eastern Gabon.

Free radical scavenging capacity, anticandicidal effect of bioactive compounds from Sida cordifolia L., in combination with nystatin and clotrimazole and their effect on specific immune response in rats.

Background: Infectious diseases caused by fungi are still a major threat to public health, despite numerous efforts by researchers. Use of ethnopharmacological knowledge is one attractive way to reduce empiricism and enhance the probability of success in new drug-finding efforts. In this work, the total alkaloid compounds (AC) from Sida cordifolia L.

Toxicity assessment and analgesic activity investigation of aqueous acetone extracts of Sida acuta Burn f . and Sida cordifolia L. (Malvaceae), medicinal plants of Burkina Faso.

Background: Sida acuta Burn f. and Sida cordifolia L. (Malvaceae) are traditionally used in Burkina Faso to treat several ailments, mainly pains, including abdominal infections and associated diseases.

Antibacterial activity against β- lactamase producing Methicillin and Ampicillin-resistants Staphylococcus aureus: Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) determination.

Background: The present study reports the antibacterial capacity of alkaloid compounds in combination with Methicillin and Ampicillin-resistants bacteria isolated from clinical samples. The resistance of different bacteria strains to the current antibacterial agents, their toxicity and the cost of the treatment have led to the development of natural products against the bacteria resistant infections when applied in combination with conventional antimicrobial drugs.

Method: The antibacterial assays in this study were performed by using inhibition zone diameters, MIC, MBC methods, the time-kill assay and the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) determination.

[Abundance and species diversity of tabanids (Diptera) in the biosphere reserve Ipassa-Makokou (Gabon) during the rainy season].

The abundance and species diversity of tabanids were evaluated by trapping of insects using Vavoua traps, during the rainy season, from October 4 to November 30, 2009, in three different habitats: primary forest, secondary forest and village, in the biosphere reserve Ipassa-IRET Makokou in Gabon. Eight species belonging to three genera of tabanids have been identified for a total of 402 specimens caught. The tabanid species numerically the most abundant were: Tabanus secedens Walker, 1854 (55.

Antimicrobial activity of polyphenol-rich fractions from Sida alba L. (Malvaceae) against co-trimoxazol-resistant bacteria strains.

Background: The increased resistance of microorganisms to the currently used antimicrobials has lead to the evaluation of other agents that might have antimicrobial activity. Medicinal plants are sources of phytochemicals which are able to initiate different biological activities including antimicrobials

Materials And Methods: In vitro antibacterial (MIC, MBC and time-kill studies) of polyphenol-rich fractions from Sida alba L. (Malvaceae) was assessed using ten bacteria strains (Gram-negative and Gram-positive).

Induction of insulin secretion by an aqueous extract of Tabernanhte iboga Baill. (Apocynaceae) in rat pancreatic islets of Langerhans.

The effect of an aqueous extract of Tabernanthe iboga (TBEt) was studied in the rat islets insulin secretion based on its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. Rats islets were isolated by collagenase digestion. In insulin release experiments, the insulin content was determined by Enzyme-Link Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Cassia siamea Lam. stem bark extracts.

Aim Of The Study: The present study was carried out to investigate analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Cassia siamea Lam stem bark extracts. We have also determined the cytotoxicity of each extract.

Materials And Methods: C.

Cogniauxia podolaena: bioassay-guided fractionation of defoliated stems, isolation of active compounds, antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity.

COGNIAUXIA PODOLAENA Baill. (Cucurbitaceae) is traditionally used in Congo Brazzaville for the treatment of malaria. We assessed the antiplasmodial activity of the plant and isolated some of the compounds responsible for this activity.

In vitro antiplasmodial activity of 18 plants used in Congo Brazzaville traditional medicine.

Sixty-six extracts of 18 plants commonly used by traditional healers in Congo Brazzaville for the treatment of malaria have been investigated for in vitro antiplasmodial activity. Ethanolic and dichloromethane extracts of 7 among the 18 studied plants were moderately active (10 microg/ml View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Effect of Tephrosia vogelii and Justicia extensa on Tilapia nilotica in vivo.

According to our and other ethnobotanic studies (Walker, R., 1951. Une Nouvelle Légumineuse du Gabon servant à narcotiser le poisson.