The First Case of Endocarditis in Italy: Case Presentation and Systematic Literature Review.

Almost 25 years have now passed since the first identification of (). It can cause infections both in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. However, it has been rarely described as an aetiology of infectious endocarditis.

Multidimensional program for insomnia in a cohort of people with HIV.

Objective: Sleep disorders (SD) are prevalent in people with HIV (PWH), but poorly addressed in HIV care. We evaluated the effectiveness of a multidimensional program for SD in an outpatient HIV clinic.

Methods: Interventional study in 175 PWH on ART suffering from insomnia.

Sex-Specific HLA Alleles Contribute to the Modulation of COVID-19 Severity.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, responsible for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), exhibits a spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic to severe pulmonary dysfunction or death. The variability in COVID-19 severity has largely been attributed to the host's genetic characteristics, suggesting a polygenic genetic architecture, without significant strong evidence of sex-related genetic differences. In this Italian retrospective case-control study, we investigated the association between COVID-19 severity (severe vs.

Immunogenicity and Determinants of Antibody Response to the BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine: A Longitudinal Study in a Cohort of People Living with HIV.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges worldwide, with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines critical in reducing morbidity and mortality. This study evaluates the immunogenicity and antibody persistence of the BNT162b2 vaccine in people living with HIV (PLWH).

Methods: We monitored anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG concentration in a cohort of PLWH at five time points (T0-T4) using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays (CMIAs) at the baselined both during and after vaccination.

Kaposi sarcoma and vertebral involvement in people with HIV: a case report and systematic literature review.

Background: Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) has been historically associated with HIV, especially in people with advanced immunosuppression. Its prevalence decreased over time, but management remains difficult especially when the diagnosis is late and there is a visceral involvement. Bone localization, and particularly the vertebral one, is rare.

Assessing the performance of LumiraDx™ SARS-CoV-2 Ag test in detecting Omicron lineages: 2022-2023 study.

Background: The introduction of rapid antigen tests revolutionized the approach to SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, offering prompt and accurate results with high sensitivity and specificity. Although it is more cost- and time-saving than the gold standard, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the efficacy in general population screening in both hospital- and community-based settings remains unknown. Moreover, rapid antigen testing is limited by qualitative results.

Polypharmacy, anticholinergic burden and drug-drug interaction assessment in people with four-class-resistant HIV: data from the PRESTIGIO registry.

Objectives: To evaluate polypharmacy, anticholinergic burden (ACB) and drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in people with four-class-resistant HIV (4DR-PWH).

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study, including 4DR-PWH from the PRESTIGIO Registry taking at least one non-antiretroviral drug. Polypharmacy was defined as taking five or more non-antiretroviral drugs.

Assessing ChatGPT's theoretical knowledge and prescriptive accuracy in bacterial infections: a comparative study with infectious diseases residents and specialists.

Objectives: Advancements in Artificial Intelligence(AI) have made platforms like ChatGPT increasingly relevant in medicine. This study assesses ChatGPT's utility in addressing bacterial infection-related questions and antibiogram-based clinical cases.

Methods: This study involved a collaborative effort involving infectious disease (ID) specialists and residents.

Weight excess and obesity are associated with binge-eating behaviours in people with HIV.

Objective: Binge eating is a mental health disorder related to weight gain, whose prevalence/correlation with weight excess in people with HIV (PWH) have been scarcely investigated.Design: A cross-sectional study of PWH who underwent the validated Binge Eating Scale (BES) questionnaire.

Methods: We included adult PWH during routine visits from October 2022 to February 2023.

Gram-negative bacterial colonizations before bilateral lung transplant. The impact of 'targeted' versus 'standard' surgical prophylaxis.

Background: Infections are one of the most common causes of death after lung transplant (LT). However, the benefit of 'targeted' prophylaxis in LT recipients pre-colonized by Gram-negative (GN) bacteria is still unclear.

Methods: All consecutive bilateral LT recipients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of the University Hospital of Padua (February 2016-2023) were retrospectively screened.

Fungal Infections and Colonization after Bilateral Lung Transplant: A Six-Year Single-Center Experience.

Fungal infections (FIs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality within the first year of lung transplant (LT) in LT recipients (LTRs). Their prompt identification and treatment are crucial for a favorable LTR outcome. The objectives of our study were to assess (i) the FI incidence and colonization during the first year after a bilateral LT, (ii) the risk factors associated with FI and colonization, and (iii) the differences in fungal incidence according to the different prophylactic strategies.

Predisposing factor, impactful adjunctive treatment or unfavorable prognostic marker: a meta-analysis on the elusive role of dexamethasone for Listeria monocytogenes meningitis.

Introduction: There are no randomized controlled trials to inform the choice of using adjunctive dexamethasone (AD) against Listeria monocytogenes meningitis (LMM) and data from observational studies are pretty conflicting.

Methodology: We performed a rapid review of the literature with quantitative analysis. A pairwise random-effects meta-analysis was implemented, pooling unadjusted and adjusted data.

PRESTIGIO RING: "An 80-year-old man living with HIV resistant to all four antiretroviral classes and desiring treatment simplification".

People aging with 4 antiretroviral class resistant HIV are a very challenging population. It is difficult to build up a fully suppressive regimen, and the high prevalence of comorbidities and polypharmacy may cause drug-drug interactions and put adherence at risk. We herein present the case of an 80-year-old man, participating in the PRESTIGIO registry, asking for a reduction in his antiretroviral burden while on polypharmacy for his comorbidities.

Screening and prevention of HPV-related anogenital cancers in women living with HIV in Europe: Results from a systematic review.

Background: Women living with HIV (WLWH) are at increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers. Throughout Europe, there is great heterogeneity among guidelines for screening programmes, access to HPV testing and HPV vaccination. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize available data on screening and prevention measures for HPV-related anogenital cancers in WLWH across the WHO European Region (WER).

Changing Prevalence of AIDS and Non-AIDS-Defining Cancers in an Incident Cohort of People Living with HIV over 28 Years.

Background: The introduction and evolution of antiretrovirals has changed the panorama of comorbidities in people living with HIV (PLWH) by reducing the risk of AIDS-defining cancers (ADC). By contrast, due to ageing and persistent inflammation, the prevalence and incidence of non-AIDS-defining cancers have significantly increased. Therefore, we aimed at describing cancer epidemiology in our cohort over 28 years.

Use of different anticholinergic scales and their correlation with anticholinergic symptom burden in a cohort of people living with HIV.

Objectives: How to detect the clinical impact of anticholinergic (AC) burden in people with HIV (PWH) remains poorly investigated. We cross-sectionally described the prevalence and type of AC signs/symptoms and the screening accuracy of three AC scales in detecting their presence in a modern cohort of PWH.

Methods: We calculated AC Burden Scale (ABS), AC Risk Score (ARS) and AC Drug Score (ADS) in 721 adult PWH and recorded the presence of AC signs/symptoms over the previous 3 months.

RAndomized Clinical Trial Of NAfamostat Mesylate, A Potent Transmembrane Protease Serine 2 (TMPRSS2) Inhibitor, in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia.

Even though SARS-CoV-2 was declared by WHO as constituting no longer a public health emergency, the development of effective treatments against SARS-CoV-2 infection remains a critical issue to prevent complications, particularly in fragile patients. The protease inhibitor nafamostat, currently used in Japan and Korea for pancreatitis, owing to its anticoagulant properties for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), is appealing for the treatment of COVID-19 infection, because it potently inhibits the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) that, after virus binding to ACE-2, allows virus entry into the cells and replication. Moreover, it could prevent the DIC and pulmonary embolism frequently associated with COVID-19 infection.