Mosquito-infecting virus Espirito Santo virus inhibits replication and spread of dengue virus.

The primary vector of dengue virus (DENV) is Aedes aegypti. The mosquito-infecting virus, Espirito Santo virus (ESV), does not infect Vero (mammalian) cells and grows in mosquito (C6/36) cells without cytopathic effects. Effects of ESV infection on replication of DENV were explored in vitro and in vivo, analyzing protein, RNA genome expression, and plaque formation.

Printing of small molecular medicines from the vapor phase.

There is growing need to develop efficient methods for early-stage drug discovery, continuous manufacturing of drug delivery vehicles, and ultra-precise dosing of high potency drugs. Here we demonstrate the use of solvent-free organic vapor jet printing to deposit nanostructured films of small molecular pharmaceutical ingredients, including caffeine, paracetamol, ibuprofen, tamoxifen, BAY 11-7082 and fluorescein, with accuracy on the scale of micrograms per square centimeter, onto glass, Tegaderm, Listerine tabs, and stainless steel microneedles. The printed films exhibit similar crystallographic order and chemistry as the original powders; controlled, order-of-magnitude enhancements of dissolution rate are observed relative to powder-form particles.

Self-healing of pores in PLGAs.

Self-healing of pores in Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)s (PLGA) plays an important role in the encapsulation and controlled release of drugs from PLGA microparticles. Despite the importance of this phenomenon, neither the mechanics of the deformation nor the material properties that control it have been fully studied. In this study, the material properties of PLGA have been characterized using mechanical tests, and a finite-element model has been developed to predict how pores heal.

The nature of peptide interactions with acid end-group PLGAs and facile aqueous-based microencapsulation of therapeutic peptides.

An important poorly understood phenomenon in controlled-release depots involves the strong interaction between common cationic peptides and low Mw free acid end-group poly(lactic-co-glycolic acids) (PLGAs) used to achieve continuous peptide release kinetics. The kinetics of peptide sorption to PLGA was examined by incubating peptide solutions of 0.2-4mM octreotide or leuprolide acetate salts in a 0.

Healing kinetics of microneedle-formed pores in PLGA films.

The spontaneous healing of aqueous pores in poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) drug delivery systems has been identified to play a key role in terminating the burst release of large molecules, and to provide a means for novel aqueous-based microencapsulation. To examine healing of PLGA, pores were created of defined size and depth on the surface of thin PLGA films by stamping with blunt-tip microneedles. Pore dimensions on the micron-scale were relevant to surface pores of common PLGA microspheres and could be easily monitored by light microscopy.

Rapid lymph accumulation of polystyrene nanoparticles following pulmonary administration.

Purpose: Pulmonary administration of polymeric nanoparticle drug delivery systems is of great interest for both systemic and local therapies. However, little is understood about the relationship of particle size and pulmonary absorption. We investigated uptake and biodistribution of polystyrene nanoparticles (PN) of 50 nm, 100 nm, 250 nm, and 900 nm diameters in mice following administration to lungs via pharyngeal aspiration.

Microvascular cytomegalovirus endothelialitis of the lung: a possible cause of secondary pulmonary hypertension in a patient with AIDS.

Postmortem examination of the lungs of a patient with advanced AIDS who had developed pulmonary arterial hypertension late in the course of the illness demonstrated extensive cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in endothelial cells of the lung microvasculature. Enlarged CMV-infected endothelial cells were present in virtually all histologic sections of the lungs, protruded into and compromised the lumens of the small vessels they lined, and were estimated by image cytometry of immunohistochemically stained sections to comprise 0.8% of the total lung tissue volume.

The evaluation of compartmental syndromes using somatosensory evoked potentials in monkeys.

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) of the median, deep peroneal, and tibial nerves were recorded in experimentally induced compartmental syndromes in nine Macaca mulatta monkeys. A total of 17 trials were performed at the following mean pressure levels: 17, 30, 36, and 40 mm Hg. Evoked potentials were recorded using a four-channel evoked response system.

Onlay technique for occipitocervical fusion.

Twenty-eight occipitocervical fusions using the onlay technique were performed in 27 patients ranging in age from 13 to 77 years (average age, 47.6 years). The indications for fusion included neurologic involvement from atlantoaxial instability associated with superior migration of the odontoid and destructive changes at the occiput-C1-C2 articulation, causing pain unrelieved by conservative treatment.

Effect of C1-C2 rotation on canal size.

An anthropometric study of the atlas and axis was undertaken to determine spinal canal diameters, the degree of narrowing with rotation, and odontoid tilt. The mean sagittal diameter of the atlas was 30.1 mm and the mean coronal diameter was 28.

Angiographic demonstration of coronary sinus thrombosis: a potential consequence of trauma to the coronary sinus.

Abnormalities of the coronary sinus are rarely encountered. A case is presented demonstrating for the first time the angiographic appearance of coronary sinus thrombosis. This may have been the result of surgical trauma during mitral valve replacement or inadvertent cannulation of the coronary sinus during right heart catheterization or pacemaker insertion.

Constant-pressure coronary artery perfusion during aortic valve operations.

We considered the theoretical differences between the normal relationships of coronary blood flow and perfusion pressure in the working heart and those obtained with continuous, steady-flow perfusion by a roller pump during aortic valve replacement. Steady pump perfusion should deliver less blood flow to the endocardium because: 1. For the same mean artery perfusion pressure, the average coronary blood flow is less with constant-flow pump perfusion.

The effects of intra-aortic counterpulsation on cardiac performance and metabolism in shock associated with acute myocardial infarction.

The effect of intra-aortic counterpulsation (IACP, 22-94 hr) on hemodynamics and cardiac energetics was evaluated in 10 patients in shock after acute myocardial infarction. The data clearly indicate that IACP improves myocardial oxygenation, enhances peripheral perfusion, and probably improves myocardial contractility in the severely diseased heart. Before treatment, decreases in cardiac index (mean value, 1.