Anabolic treatment for osteoporosis and fragility fracture risk: one year in review 2024.

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterised by reduced bone mass and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, underlying a higher risk of fragility fractures. Several options are available for its treatment, including both anti-resorptive and anabolic agents. The present review discusses and summarises the most recent literature on anabolic treatment, with a focus on abaloparatide, and on the assessment of fragility fracture risk, with a focus on trabecular bone score.

The great challenge: bone fragility and environment.

Osteoporosis is a worldwide common disease characterised by reduced bone mass and increased risk of fractures.Many genetic variants are associated with the disease, but they account for only a small percentage of variance in individual bone mineral density and fragility fracture risk. Only recently have researchers recognised the role of a broad variety of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, which has led to a further step: how genetic and environmental factors can interact, which is the next frontier in research on bone fragility.

Evaluating adherence, tolerability and safety of oral calcium citrate in elderly osteopenic subjects: a real-life non-interventional, prospective, multicenter study.

Background: Osteoporosis is a common concern in the elderly that leads to fragile bones. Calcium supplementation plays a crucial role in improving bone health, reducing fracture risk, and supporting overall skeletal strength in this vulnerable population. However, there is conflicting evidence on the safety of calcium supplements in elderly individuals.

LRP5 high bone mass (Worth-type autosomal dominant endosteal hyperostosis): case report and historical review of the literature.

Purpose: LRP5 high bone mass (HBM) is an autosomal dominant endosteal hyperostosis caused by mutations of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene. Alternative names included "autosomal dominant osteosclerosis" and "Worth disease." The aim of the paper is to provide an historical overview of a disorder whose literature is complicated and confusing due to the past use of several denominations and lack of reviews.

Osteoporosis and gut microbiota, radiofrequency echographic multispectrometry and machine learning: one year in review 2023.

Osteoporosis is a prevalent bone disease with a relevant burden of mortality and comorbidity, especially due to fragility fractures occurring as a result of reduced bone mineral density. In this review we provide a critical digest of the most recent literature regarding the relationship between gut microbiota and osteoporosis, and discuss the role of radiofrequency echographic multi-spectrometry (REMS) and machine learning in the diagnostic work-up and prevention of osteoporosis.

Persistence and recurrence in tumor-induced osteomalacia: A systematic review of the literature and results from a national survey/case series.

Purpose: Tumor induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare disease of mineral metabolism, whose clinical picture is dominated by hypophosphatemia usually due to an excess of circulating FGF23 produced by small mesenchymal tumors. Data on the real prevalence of the disease are lacking, with the knowledge of the disease mainly relying on case reports and small case series. No estimate is available on the prevalence of uncured TIO.

High rate of vertebral refracture after vertebroplasty in patients taking glucocorticoids: a prospective two-year study.

Objectives: To assess vertebral fracture (VFx) occurrence after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) in patients with osteoporosis (OP), primary or secondary to chronic glucocorticoid (GC) therapy.

Methods: Prospective study of a 2-year follow-up.

Primary Outcome: proportion of patients with new VFx 24 months after PVP.

One year in review 2018: progress in osteoporosis treatment.

Osteoporosis is a generalised bone disease characterised by decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone microarchitecture predisposing to fragility fractures. Bone fractures are a remarkable social and economic health problem, and several studies have been carried out in order to reduce their occurrence. Inhibiting bone resorption and increasing bone formation are the mainstay of treatment, anti-catabolic and anabolic, respectively.

Underdiagnosis of osteoporotic vertebral fractures in patients with fragility fractures: retrospective analysis of over 300 patients.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a silent disease unless a fracture occurs; it is a major health problem, mainly due to fragility fractures, that occur at vertebral and peripheral sites. Vertebral fractures (VF) are probably the most common fragility fractures, but they go often unrecognized. The main clinical symptoms of VF are acute and chronic back pain, spinal deformity, reduced mobility and impaired quality of life.

Efficacy of a specific rehabilitation protocol in postural control of a young woman with multiple fragility vertebral fractures: a case report.

The fragility vertebral fractures have a considerable impact on an individual's health-related quality of life due to pain, limitations in activity, social participation, altered mood and balance impairment. Physiotherapy interventions may have an important role in improving quality of life, balance and reducing the fracture risk in people with osteoporotic vertebral fractures. In literature there are only a few studies that examine exercise interventions in osteoporotic populations with vertebral fracture and few studies that examine the effects on balance with instrumental measurements.

Risk factors for osteoporosis and fragility fractures in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Osteoporosis (OP) and fragility fractures (FFx) are a known comorbidity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This work aimed at evaluating (1) the prevalence of OP and FFx in a cohort of SLE and (2) the risk factors associated with both OP and FFx. The following data were collected from clinical charts: age, sex, menopausal status (MP), body mass index, smoking habits, disease duration, daily dose and cumulative glucocorticoids (GCs), type of organ involvement, comorbidities and medications.

Significant Therapeutic Efficacy with Combined Radioimmunotherapy and Cetuximab in Preclinical Models of Colorectal Cancer.

Unlabelled: Despite extensive efforts to improve the clinical management of patients with colorectal cancer, approved treatments for advanced disease offer limited survival benefit. Therefore, the identification of novel treatment strategies is essential. We evaluated the preclinical efficacy of combination radioimmunotherapy, using a humanized (131)I-labeled anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody ((131)I-huA5B7), with cetuximab in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Osteoporosis with vertebral fractures associated with pregnancy: two case reports.

Pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis (PAO) is a rare condition characterized by the occurrence of fragility fractures, most commonly vertebral, in late pregnancy or the early postpartum period. The prevalence, etiology and pathogenesis of this osteoporosis are unknown, although there are several hypotheses attempting to explain the etiopathogenesis of pregnancy associated osteoporosis. In this paper we present two cases of young women who developed severe PAO with vertebral fractures: a 42-year-old woman with a family history of osteoporosis, and a 21-year-old woman affected with myasthenia gravis.

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: 2013 update.

Glucocorticoids are the most common cause of secondary osteoporosis leading to the so-called glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO). A treatment with 10 mg/d of prednisone or equivalent for more than 3 months leads to a 7-fold increase in hip fractures and a 17-fold increase in vertebral fractures. The difference between bone quantity and quality in GIO makes bone mineral density measurements inadequate to detect patients at risk of fracture.

Adverse events during longterm low-dose glucocorticoid treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica: a retrospective study.

Objective: To assess the occurrence of adverse events in a cohort of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), treated with low-dose glucocorticoids (GC).

Methods: This was a retrospective study by review of medical records.

Results: We identified 222 patients who had a mean duration of followup of 60 ± 22 months and a mean duration of GC therapy of 46 ± 22 months.

A proposal of simple calculation (ERI calculator) to predict the early response to TNF-α blockers therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.

Increasing evidence has been accumulated for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with TNF-α blocking agents. The formulation and definition of an early indicator of patient's reactivity during therapy may be extremely simplified by a mathematical model of clinical response. We analyzed the most significant clinical and laboratory parameters of response of 35 homogeneous patients (30 women, 5 men mean age ± SD: 52.

Incident comorbidity among patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated or not with low-dose glucocorticoids: a retrospective study.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of comorbidity in a cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), treated or not with low-dose glucocorticoids (GC) and who have been followed for at least 10 years.

Methods: This was a retrospective study by review of medical records.

Results: We identified 365 patients: 297 (81.

Long-term prospective study of osteoporotic patients treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty after fragility fractures.

Summary: This paper presents a prospective study on factors that could influence fracture risk after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) in 115 osteoporotic patients. The mean follow-up was 39 months. The incidence of new fractures after PVP was 27.

Single- and multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyses to analyse body composition in maintenance haemodialysis patients: comparison with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of single-frequency (sf-BIA) and multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyses (mf-BIA), in comparison with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), to evaluate body composition in maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients. Body composition of 27 adult MHD patients (9 f, 18 m), BMI 17.5-34.

Effect of cyclosporine A on bone density in female rheumatoid arthritis patients: results from a multicenter, cross-sectional study.

Objective: To analyze the influence of cyclosporine A (CYA) on bone using data from a large multicenter, cross-sectional study on bone mineral density (BMD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: We selected 558 female patients with RA and divided them into two groups on the basis of CYA use: those who had never used CYA (n = 467) and CYA users (n = 91; users for < 24 months n = 50; users for > 24 months n = 41). Demographic, disease and treatment-related variables were collected for each patient.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is required for the enhancement of hippocampal neurogenesis following environmental enrichment.

Neurogenesis continues to occur in the adult mammalian hippocampus and is regulated by both genetic and environmental factors. It is known that exposure to an enriched environment enhances the number of newly generated neurons in the dentate gyrus. However, the mechanisms by which enriched housing produces these effects are poorly understood.

Risk factors for osteoporosis in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

In the last years it has been recognized that patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at high risk of osteoporosis (OP) and fractures, both occurring through disease-specific (chronic arthritis, reduced physical activity, induction of cytokines promoting bone resorption, renal impairment, endocrine factors) and nondisease-specific mechanisms (sunshine avoidance with consequent vitamin D deficiency, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants and chronic anticoagulants). Regarding anticoagulants, subcutaneous heparin is crucial against the risk of recurrent thromboembolism or pregnancy loss, specifically in patients with SLE and anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS). Thus heparin-induced OP represents one of the hazards of this treatment, first because heparin must be used long-term and secondly because pregnancy and lactation themselves may predispose to OP and fractures.

Effect of low dose methotrexate on bone density in women with rheumatoid arthritis: results from a multicenter cross-sectional study.

Objective: To analyze the influence of low dose methotrexate (MTX) on bone using data from a large multicenter, cross-sectional study on bone mineral density (BMD) in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: We selected 731 female patients with RA divided into 2 groups on the basis of MTX use: never MTX users (n = 485) and MTX users for at least 6 months (n = 246). Demographic, disease, and treatment related variables were collected for each patient.