National and sub-national prevalence, trend, and burden of end stage renal diseases (ESRD) in Iran 1990-2013; the study protocol.

Background: End Stage Renal Diseases (ESRD) imposes a huge economic burden on the health system; however, there is a serious lack of data related to ESRD, especially at Sub-national level, in Iran. Calculating the burden of ESRD at National and Sub-national level provides an opportunity to apply cost-effective interventions for the purpose of prevention and treatment. The current study protocol aims to explain the general structure and methods that will be used in the burden of ESRD study in Iran from 1990 to 2013.

Bone Mineral Changes and Cardiovascular Effects among Female Athletes with Chronic Menstrual Dysfunction.

Purpose: Oligo/amenorrhea, as a part of the Female Athlete Triad has adverse effects on the athlete's bone mineral density (BMD) and cardiovascular system. Hypoestrogenism, due to suppression of hypothalamus-pituitary axis (HPA) as a result of energy imbalance, is the possible cause of the Triad. This study was designed based on following up and reassessment of elite female athletes who were diagnosed as menstrual dysfunction about two years ago.