Current Trends of HIV Infection in the Russian Federation.

Russia remains one of the areas most affected by HIV in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The aim of this study was to analyze HIV infection indicators and study trends in Russia using data from the Federal Statistic Form No. 61 "Information about HIV infection".

Sputnik V protection from COVID-19 in people living with HIV under antiretroviral therapy.

Background: HIV-infection is known to aggravate the course of many infectious diseases, including COVID-19. International guidance recommends vaccination of HIV+ individuals against SARS-CoV-2. There is a paucity of data on epidemiological efficacy assessment of COVID-19 vaccines among HIV+.

High SARS-CoV-2 load in the nasopharynx of patients with a mild form of COVID-19 is associated with clinical deterioration regardless of the hydroxychloroquine administration.

Because of the constantly growing numbers of COVID-19 infections and deaths, attempts were undertaken to find drugs with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity among ones already approved for other pathologies. In the framework of such attempts, in a number of in vitro, as well as in vivo, models it was shown that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has an effect against SARS-CoV-2. While there were not enough clinical data to support the use of HCQ, several countries including Russia have included HCQ in treatment protocols for infected patients and for prophylaxis.

Dynamics of coagulopathy in patients with different COVID-19 severity.

With the progress of COVID-19 studies, it became evident that SARS-CoV-2 infection is often associated with thrombotic complications. The goal of our present study was to evaluate which component of clot formation process including endothelial function, platelets aggregation and plasma coagulation, as well as endogenous fibrinolysis in patients with COVID-19 correlates with the severity of the disease. We prospectively included 58 patients with COVID-19 and 47 healthy volunteers as a control group that we recruited before the pandemic started.

[The HIV-associated diseases encountered in the practice of forensic medical autopsies].

The present article deals with the problems pertaining to the forensic medical diagnostics of the HIV-associated pathological conditions taking into consideration the materials available from the Moscow City Centre for AIDS Prophylaxis and Control with special reference to the number and structure of the diagnosed HIV-associated diseases. We undertook the analysis of co-morbid HIV/AIDS causes of violent and sudden deaths documented at the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise of the Moscow Health Department during the period from 2013 till 2016. The study revealed the tendency toward a rise in the number of deaths from the HIV-associated infections including tuberculosis, pneumonias, chronic immunodeficiency conditions refractory to the treatment, and from malignant neoplasms.

Atherosclerosis in subjects newly diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

HIV infection is associated with the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), even in patients successfully treated with the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). However, the relationship between HIV, cART, and pathogenesis of CVD remains controversial. In the present study, we evaluated the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis, in HIV-infected subjects receiving or not receiving cART.

[Monitoring HIV infection morbidity in Moscow based on the data of forensic medical expertise].

The objective of the present study was the retrospective analysis of the cases of rapid diagnostics of the HIV status of the corpses referred to the pathologo-anatomical departments of Moscow. The standard statistical methods were used for this purpose. The structure of H IV infections is described in terms of age and sex of the affected subjects as well as stages of the disease.

[Neurological manifestations of HIV-infection (review)].

Current data on the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment principles of HIV are reviewed. The special attention is focused on affections of the nervous system (neuro-AIDS). Primary and secondary manifestations of these affections are described.

[Neurologic manifestations of HIV infection].

The sole universally recognized diagnostic criterion for the affection of central nervous system by immunodeficiency virus is AIDS-dementia complex. Its main pathognomonic feature is progressive intellect failure although most patients do not experience intellect deficit. Instead, they present with other disorders in the central nervous system.

[The sociological monitoring as a tool to evaluate preventive activities].

The monitoring of conditions of HIV-infection spreading includes qualitative research methods to reveal specified information from people relating immediately to the problem of HIV-infection prevalence. The acquired information can be used both for monitoring of the conditions of HIV-infection spreading (morbidity, prevalence, mortality) and adjustment of preventive activities at the level of specific administrative territory.

[Spectrum, clinical features, diagnosis of opportunistic and comorbid pathology in HIV-infected patients admitted to infection hospital of Moscow].

Aim: To analyse structure, clinical features, diagnosis of opportunistic and concomitant diseases in patients with HIV infection admitted to infection hospital of Moscow.

Material And Methods: A total of 4155 patients with HIV infection (1518 of them with AIDS) most of them (89%) at the age of 20-39 years were treated in Moscow AIDS hospital in 2006-2007. The examination included standard blood and urine tests, device diagnosis, immunological, bacteriological and molecular investigations of biological materials for detection of opportunistic infections.

[Specific features of the HIV infection epidemic in Moscow].

Retrospective analysis of the epidemic of HIV infection in Moscow allowed to mark out two periods: the first--from 1987 to 1993 and the second one--from 1994 to 2000. The characteristic feature of the first period of the epidemic was the sexual transmission of the agent mainly among homosexuals; the most affected group were persons aged 20-39 years and the number of AIDS patient decreased with a simultaneous growth in lethality. During the second stage of the HIV infection epidemic changes in the prevailing transmission routes of the agent occurred: injection drug addicts took the leading role.

[An anonymous survey of the population for antibodies to the virus causing AIDS].

The anonymous survey of the population for the presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) carried out in Moscow in 1987 revealed 4 seropositive persons among 10, 117 persons subjected to examination. These 4 persons belonged to typical risk groups with respect to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The questioning of the persons coming for examination made it possible to find out that a large percentage of them really had a risk of contacting HIV infection; besides, a considerable proportion of the visitors proved to have signs of AIDS phobia.