Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy toward In Vivo Assessment of the Adipose Tissue in Cardiometabolic Pathologies.

Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) enhanced the capabilities of Raman spectroscopy for the depth-resolved analysis of biological and diffusely scattering samples. This technique offers selective probing of subsurface layers, providing molecular insights without invasive procedures. While SORS has found application in biomedical research, up to now, studies have focused mainly on the detection of mineralization of bones and tissues.

Efficient delivery of carotenoids to adipocytes with albumin.

Carotenoids are very effectively delivered by albumin to adipocytes. The uptake of carotenoids to the cells occurs in the form of self-aggregates that localize in the vicinity of the adipocyte membrane, as shown by high spatial resolution Raman spectroscopy. The binding of carotenoids to albumin and the mechanism of their transport were elucidated with the help of chiroptical spectroscopies, in tandem with molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations.

Direct oral and fiber-derived butyrate supplementation as an anti-obesity treatment via different targets.

Background & Aims: Butyric (one of the short-chain fatty acids), a major byproduct of the fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates (e.g. fiber), is supposed to have anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory properties.

Effect of two insect meals on the gut commensal microbiome of healthy sea trout (Salmo trutta vr. trutta).

Background: The balance of the intestinal commensal microbiome of fish and other animals plays an important role in the physiological processes of healthy animals, contributes to the defense against pathogens, stimulates the immune system and facilitates nutrient metabolism. In the last decade, the interest in the application of the insects in fish nutrition increased, although little is known regarding the effects of insect meals on the gastrointenstinal tract microbiome of the sea trout fingerlings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two diets containing mealworm (MW) and superworm (SW) on the microbiome of the digesta of sea trout fingerlings and the relative abundances of different taxa among communities under controlled conditions.

Effect of Imperial Smelting Process Slag Addition in Self Compacting Concrete Concrete on the Efficiency of Electrochemical Chloride Extraction.

This paper presents the analysis of how ISP slag addition affects the effectiveness of chloride extraction from self-compacting concrete. Corrosion processes were initiated by chloride ions added to concrete by the method accelerated with an electric field. Corrosion of reinforcement was monitored using the method of linear polarization resistance (LPR).

Morphomigrational description as a new approach connecting cell's migration with its morphology.

The examination of morphology and migration of cells plays substantial role in understanding the cellular behaviour, being described by plethora of quantitative parameters and models. These descriptions, however, treat cell migration and morphology as independent properties of temporal cell state, while not taking into account their strong interdependence in adherent cells. Here we present the new and simple mathematical parameter called signed morphomigrational angle (sMM angle) that links cell geometry with translocation of cell centroid, considering them as one morphomigrational behaviour.

Melanoma stimulates the proteolytic activity of HaCaT keratinocytes.

Background: Keratinocytes constitute a major part of the melanoma microenvironment, considering their protective role towards melanocytes in physiological conditions. However, their interactions with tumor cells following melanomagenesis are still unclear.

Methods: We used two in vitro models (melanoma-conditioned media and indirect co-culture of keratinocytes with melanoma cells on Transwell inserts) to activate immortalized keratinocytes towards cancer-associated ones.

Available for millions of years but discovered through the last decade: Insects as a source of nutrients and energy in animal diets.

The aim of this review is to present and discuss the most recent literature about the processing of insect biomass and its impact on nutritive value, further implementation of meals and fats derived from invertebrates to livestock (poultry and swine), aquaculture (salmonids), and companion animal diets and their impact on growth performance, metabolic response, and gastrointestinal microbiota shifts. Additionally, the most important barriers to obtaining unified products in terms of their nutritive value are considered, i.e.

Dietary Fish Meal Replacement with and Larval Meals Improves the Growth Performance and Nutriphysiological Status of Ide () Juveniles.

The ide () is a native European species of rheophilic cyprinid fish whose wild population status is dependent on conservation efforts, particularly regular restocking. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of including insect meals as a component in the diet of ide juveniles on their growth performance, feed utilization, and nutriphysiological status. Four diets were formulated: three with insect meals, HI-with 20% meal, TM-with 20% meal, and ZM-with 20% meal, and the control group diet, CON-fish meal with no insect component.

Melanoma cells with diverse invasive potential differentially induce the activation of normal human fibroblasts.

Background: The tumor microenvironment consists of stromal cells, extracellular matrix, and physicochemical properties (e.g., oxygenation, acidification).

The first insight into black soldier fly meal in brown trout nutrition as an environmentally sustainable fish meal replacement.

Insect meals are considered among the most promising feed materials in fish nutrition due to their sustainability and possibility of fish meal replacement. The present study is the first application of full-fat black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal in brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario) diets.

Friedreich cardiomyopathy is a desminopathy.

Heart disease is an integral part of Friedreich ataxia (FA) and the most common cause of death in this autosomal recessive disease. The result of the mutation is lack of frataxin, a small mitochondrial protein. The clinical and pathological phenotypes of FA are complex, involving brain, spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia, sensory nerves, heart, and endocrine pancreas.

Hypoxia and Extracellular Acidification as Drivers of Melanoma Progression and Drug Resistance.

Hypoxia and elevated extracellular acidification are prevalent features of solid tumors and they are often shown to facilitate cancer progression and drug resistance. In this review, we have compiled recent and most relevant research pertaining to the role of hypoxia and acidification in melanoma growth, invasiveness, and response to therapy. Melanoma represents a highly aggressive and heterogeneous type of skin cancer.

Black Soldier Fly Full-Fat Larvae Meal is More Profitable than Fish Meal and Fish Oil in Siberian Sturgeon Farming: The Effects on Aquaculture Sustainability, Economy and Fish GIT Development.

This study provides data on the environmental sustainability, economic profitability, and gastrointestinal tract development of Siberian sturgeon diets containing black soldier fly full-fat larvae meal (BSFL) for a fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) replacement. BSFL was used at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% of the diet, replacing by up to 61.3% of FM and 95.

Effects of a Trans-Galactooligosaccharide on Minerals Content of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Tissues.

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is a dominant fish species in aquaculture, and as it is a stomachless species, absorption and digestion of nutrients take place in the intestine. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a prebiotic on the content of selected minerals found in the meat, gills, and skeleton of common carp.

Deficiency of Microglial Autophagy Increases the Density of Oligodendrocytes and Susceptibility to Severe Forms of Seizures.

Excessive activation of mTOR in microglia impairs CNS homeostasis and causes severe epilepsy. Autophagy constitutes an important part of mTOR signaling. The contribution of microglial autophagy to CNS homeostasis and epilepsy remains to be determined.

Stromal Cells Present in the Melanoma Niche Affect Tumor Invasiveness and Its Resistance to Therapy.

Malignant melanoma is a highly metastatic type of cancer, which arises frequently from transformed pigment cells and melanocytes as a result of long-term UV radiation exposure. In recent years, the incidence of newly diagnosed melanoma patients reached 5% of all cancer cases. Despite the development of novel targeted therapies directed against melanoma-specific markers, patients' response to treatment is often weak or short-term due to a rapid acquisition of drug resistance.

Numbers, neighbors, and hungry predators: What makes chemically defended aposematic prey susceptible to predation?

Many chemically defended aposematic species are characterized by relatively low toxin levels, which enables predators to include them in their diets under certain circumstances. Knowledge of the conditions governing the survival of such prey animals-especially in the context of the co-occurrence of similar but undefended prey, which may result in mimicry-like interactions-is crucial for understanding the initial evolution of aposematism. In a one-month outdoor experiment using fish (the common carp ) as predators, we examined the survival of moderately defended aposematic tadpole prey (the European common toad ) with varying absolute densities in single-species prey systems or varying relative densities in two-species prey systems containing morphologically similar but undefended prey (the European common frog ).

Black Soldier Fly Full-Fat Larvae Meal as an Alternative to Fish Meal and Fish Oil in Siberian Sturgeon Nutrition: The Effects on Physical Properties of the Feed, Animal Growth Performance, and Feed Acceptance and Utilization.

This study provides data on the use of black soldier fly () full-fat meal (BSFL) in Siberian sturgeon () nutrition, examining pellet physical properties, growth performance, feed acceptance and utilization, apparent protein, and fat digestibility. The study consisted of: feed quality assessment; a growth performance; feed acceptance; digestibility trials. The effect of the use of BSFL as a replacement for fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) was investigated.

The Influence of Tumor Microenvironment on Immune Escape of Melanoma.

The low efficiency of currently-used anti-cancer therapies poses a serious challenge, especially in the case of malignant melanoma, a cancer characterized by elevated invasiveness and relatively high mortality rate. The role of the tumor microenvironment in the progression of melanoma and its acquisition of resistance to treatment seems to be the main focus of recent studies. One of the factors that, in normal conditions, aids the organism in its fight against the cancer and, following the malignant transformation, adapts to facilitate the development of the tumor is the immune system.

Multiplexed non-invasive tumor imaging of glucose metabolism and receptor-ligand engagement using dark quencher FRET acceptor.

Following an ever-increased focus on personalized medicine, there is a continuing need to develop preclinical molecular imaging modalities to guide the development and optimization of targeted therapies. Near-Infrared (NIR) Macroscopic Fluorescence Lifetime Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (MFLI-FRET) imaging offers a unique method to robustly quantify receptor-ligand engagement in live intact animals, which is critical to assess the delivery efficacy of therapeutics. However, to date, non-invasive imaging approaches that can simultaneously measure cellular drug delivery efficacy and metabolic response are lacking.

Microglial mTOR is Neuronal Protective and Antiepileptogenic in the Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Excessive activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is epileptogenic in genetic epilepsy. However, the exact role of microglial mTOR in acquired epilepsy remains to be clarified. In the present study, we found that mTOR is strongly activated in microglia following excitatory injury elicited by status epilepticus.

The Effect of Hydrolyzed Insect Meals in Sea Trout Fingerling ( m. ) Diets on Growth Performance, Microbiota and Biochemical Blood Parameters.

The present study is the first introduction of hydrolyzed superworm meal in sea trout nutrition. It was conducted to evaluate the effects of inclusion in the diet of hydrolyzed insect meals as a partial replacement for fishmeal on growth performance, feed utilization, organosomatic indices, serum biochemical parameters, gut histomorphology, and microbiota composition of sea trout ( m. ).

Effects of a Trans-Galactooligosaccharide on Biochemical Blood Parameters and Intestine Morphometric Parameters of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a trans-galactooligosaccharide prebiotic (GOS) on the growth performance, biochemical blood parameters, and intestine morphometric parameters of common carp. The 60-day-long experiment was performed on one-year-old fish with a mean body weight of 180 g (±5 g). Three diets were used: control diet 1 (C) with no microbiota affecting feed additives, diet 2 (B1) with 1% of prebiotic, and diet 3 (B2) with 2% of prebiotic, in four replications (tanks) per treatment and 25 fish per tank.