Identification, Biocontrol and Plant Growth Promotion Potential of Endophytic Streptomyces sp. a13.

Medicinal plants often harbour various endophytic actinomycetia, which are well known for their potent antimicrobial properties and plant growth-promoting traits. In this study, we isolated an endophytic actinomycetia, A13, from the leaves of tea clone P312 from the MEG Tea Estate, Meghalaya, India. The isolate A13 was identified as Streptomyces sp.

Antibacterial activity and biosynthetic potential of Streptomyces sp. PBR19, isolated from forest rhizosphere soil of Assam.

An Actinomycetia isolate, designated as PBR19, was derived from the rhizosphere soil of Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary (PWS), Assam, India. The isolate, identified as Streptomyces sp., shares a sequence similarity of 93.

Characterization of novel extracellular proteases produced by Acanthamoeba castellanii after contact with human corneal epithelial cells and their relevance to pathogenesis.

Background: Proteases produced by Acanthamoeba spp. play an important role in their virulence and may be the key to understanding Acanthamoeba pathogenesis; thus, increasing attention has been directed towards these proteins. The present study aimed to investigate the lytic factors produced by Acanthamoeba castellanii during the first hours of in vitro co-culture with human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs).

Tea () cultivated in three agro-ecological regions of Bangladesh: Unveiling the variability of methylxanthine, bioactive phenolic compound, and antioxidant activity.

Tea () is a widely consumed beverage known for its numerous health benefits, largely attributed to its rich content of quality determining secondary metabolites such as methylxanthine compounds and bioactive phenolic compounds. The goal of this study was to find out variations of the levels of methylxanthines, bioactive phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity in methanolic and hot water extracts of 129 tea samples grown in three different ecological regions of Bangladesh named Panchagar, Sylhet, and Chattogram. Methylxanthine and bioactive phenolic compounds were determined by using HPLC-DAD, and the antioxidant profile was analysed by UV-vis spectrophotometric methods for methanol and hot water extracts of tea leaves.

Reaction of a Co(III)-peroxo complex with nitric oxide: putative formation of a peroxynitrite intermediate.

A Co(II) complex, [Co(L)(HO)](ClO), 1, having a bidentate ligand L [L = bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)methane] has been synthesized. Complex 1 in acetonitrile solution at -40 °C, in the presence of HO and NEt, afforded the corresponding Co(III)-peroxo species, [Co(L)(O)], as the transient intermediate 1a. Thermal instability precluded its isolation and further characterization.

Capacity-Achieving Input Distributions of Additive Vector Gaussian Noise Channels: Even-Moment Constraints and Unbounded or Compact Support.

We investigate the support of a capacity-achieving input to a vector-valued Gaussian noise channel. The input is subjected to a radial even-moment constraint and is either allowed to take any value in Rn or is restricted to a given compact subset of Rn. It is shown that the support of the capacity-achieving distribution is composed of a countable union of submanifolds, each with a dimension of n-1 or less.

Potentiality of Actinomycetia Prevalent in Selected Forest Ecosystems in Assam, India to Combat Multi-Drug-Resistant Microbial Pathogens.

Actinomycetia are known for their ability to produce a wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites having significant therapeutic importance. This study aimed to explore the potential of actinomycetia as a source of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) clinical pathogens. A total of 65 actinomycetia were isolated from two unexplored forest ecosystems, namely the Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary (PWS) and the Deepor Beel Wildlife Sanctuary (DBWS), located in the Indo-Burma mega-biodiversity hotspots of northeast India, out of which 19 isolates exhibited significant antimicrobial activity.

Loss of sensitizes embryos to ethanol-induced neural crest and neural apoptosis via generation of reactive oxygen species.

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a continuum of birth defects caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. FASD are the most common environmentally induced birth defect and are highly variable. The genetics of an individual influence the severity of their FASD phenotype.

Modulation of iron spin states in highly distorted iron(III) porphyrins: H-bonding interactions and implications in hemoproteins.

A family of five- and six-coordinated Fe-porphyrins which enable us to scrutinize the effects of non-covalent interactions on the out-of-plane displacement of iron and its spin-states and axial ligand orientation in a single distorted macrocyclic environment has been reported. Combined analysis using single-crystal X-ray structure determination and EPR spectral investigation revealed the stabilization of the high-spin state of iron in the five-coordinate complex Fe(TPPBr)(OCHMe), while six-coordinate complexes [Fe(TPPBr)(MeOH)]ClO, [Fe(TPPBr)(HO)]ClO and [Fe(TPPBr)(1-MeIm)]ClO stabilize admixed-high, admixed-intermediate and low-spin states, respectively. The H-bonding interactions between the weak axial HO/MeOH and perchlorate anion resulted in an elongation of the Fe-O bond which eventually shortened the Fe-N(por) distances leading to the stabilization of the admixed spin state of iron which, otherwise, stabilizes the high-spin ( = 5/2) state only.

Reaction of a nitrosyl complex of Mn(II)-porphyrinate with superoxide: NOD activity is favoured over SOD activity.

A five-coordinated {Mn(NO)} complex of Mn(II)-porphyrinate, [Mn(TMPP)(NO)], 1 {TMPPH = 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)porphyrin}, upon reaction with two equivalents of superoxide (O) in THF at -40 °C results in the corresponding Mn-OH complex [Mn(TMPP)(OH)], 2, the formation of a putative Mn-peroxynitrite intermediate. Spectral studies and chemical analysis suggest that one equivalent of superoxide ion is consumed to oxidize the metal center of complex 1 leading to [Mn(TMPP)(NO)], while the subsequent equivalent reacts with [Mn(TMPP)(NO)] to form the corresponding peroxynitrite intermediate. UV-visible and X-band EPR spectroscopic studies suggest the involvement of a Mn-oxo species in the reaction, which forms through the O-O bond cleavage of the peroxynitrite moiety with concomitant release of NO.

Assessing cytotoxicity: comparison of common cell viability assays.

Background: models for studying interactions between and host cells are crucial for understanding the pathomechanism of and assessing differences between strains and cell types. The virulence of strains is usually assessed and monitored by using cell cytotoxicity assays. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the most widely used cytotoxicity assays for their suitability to assess cytopathogenicity.

sp. Strain PBR11, a Forest-Derived Soil with Antimicrobial Potential.

The isolate PBR11 was isolated from the forest rhizosphere soil of Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary (PWS), Assam, India. The isolate was identified as sp. with 92.

Phylogenetic affiliation of endophytic actinobacteria associated with selected orchid species and their role in growth promotion and suppression of phytopathogens.

Endophytic actinobacteria aid in plant development and disease resistance by boosting nutrient uptake or producing secondary metabolites. For the first time, we investigated the culturable endophytic actinobacteria associated with ten epiphytic orchid species of Assam, India. 51 morphologically distinct actinobacteria were recovered from surface sterilized roots and leaves of orchids and characterized based on different PGP and antifungal traits.

A Proteomic Approach for the Quantification of Posttranslational Protein Lysine Acetylation in Candida albicans.

Candida albicans is a normal component of the human microflora that colonizes mucosal/epithelial surfaces and the gastrointestinal tract as a commensal organism. However, in an immunocompromised host, it can cause life-threatening infections of high mortality and morbidity. Virulence as well as antifungal drug resistance of C.

Comparative Transcriptomics Reveal Possible Mechanisms of Amphotericin B Resistance in Candida auris.

Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant human fungal pathogen often refractory to treatment by all classes of antifungal drugs. Amphotericin B (AmB) is a fungicidal drug that, despite its toxic side effects, remains a drug of choice for the treatment of drug-resistant fungal infections, including those caused by C. auris.

Determination of dietary exposure and extraction efficiency of nitrosamine from cooked meat.

Meat products are claimed to be a source of carcinogenic nitrosamines (NAs) exposure in food. In this study, dietary exposure of six nitrosamines: N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), N-nitrosodipropylamine (NDPA), N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) were estimated by Gas chromatography method. Four types of processed beef products were collected from different restaurants of Dhaka city, Bangladesh and analyzed by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after extracting under different methods.

Reaction of a {Co(NO)} complex with superoxide: Formation of a six coordinated [Co(NO)(O)] species followed by peroxynitrite intermediate.

A nitrosyl complex of cobalt(II) porphyrinate, [Co(FTPP)(NO)], (FTPPH = 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin) having {Co(NO)} configuration was synthesized and characterized by means of spectroscopic and structural analyses. Single crystal X-ray structure of the complex revealed the square pyramidal geometry around the cobalt center with a bent nitrosyl group. It reacts with superoxide (O) ion in CHCl at -40 °C to result in the corresponding nitrite (NO) complex.

Can a Nitrosyl of a Mn(II)-Porphyrin Complex Release Nitroxyl/HNO?

In general, the nitrosyl complexes of Mn(II)-porphyrinate having the {Mn(NO)} configuration are not considered as HNO or nitroxyl (NO) donors because of [Mn-NO] nature. A nitrosyl complex of Mn(II)-porphyrin, [Mn(TMPP)(NO)], [TMPPH = 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-4-methoxyphenylporphyrin], is shown to release HNO in the presence of HBF. It is evidenced from the characteristic reaction of HNO with triphenylphosphine and isolation of the [(TMPP)Mn(HO)](BF), .

The Two-Component Response Regulator Ssk1 and the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Hog1 Control Antifungal Drug Resistance and Cell Wall Architecture of Candida auris.

is an emerging multidrug-resistant human fungal pathogen refractory to treatment by several classes of antifungal drugs. Unlike other species, can adhere to human skin for prolonged periods of time, allowing for efficient skin-to-skin transmission in the hospital environments. However, molecular mechanisms underlying pronounced multidrug resistance and adhesion traits are poorly understood.

Nitric Oxide Dioxygenase Activity of a Nitrosyl Complex of Mn(II)-Porphyrinate in the Presence of Superoxide: Formation of a Mn(IV)-oxo Species through a Putative Peroxynitrite Intermediate.

A nitrosyl complex of Mn-porphyrinate, [(FTPP)Mn(NO)], (FTPPH = 5,10,15,20 (pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin), was synthesized and characterized. Spectroscopic and structural characterization revealed complex as a penta-coordinated Mn-nitrosyl with a linear Mn-N-O (180.0°) moiety.

Culturable endophytic bacteria of Camellia species endowed with plant growth promoting characteristics.

Aim: Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is an economically important caffeine-containing beverage crop with massive plantation in the Northeast corner of the agroclimatic belt of India.

Estimation and exposure concentration of trihalomethanes (THMs) and its human carcinogenic risk in supplied pipeline water of Dhaka City, Bangladesh.

Formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) through excessive chlorination in the supplied water and its carcinogenic nature is a public health concern in many parts of the world, including a couple of neighboring countries in Asia. However, the issue was not yet addressed either in the public health policy or in academia in Bangladesh. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to determine the THM concentration in supplied water, its multiple pathways to the human body, and an estimation of resultant carcinogenic risk to urban dwellers in six different regions of Dhaka city.

Molecular characterization of Histomonas meleagridis exoproteome with emphasis on protease secretion and parasite-bacteria interaction.

The exoproteome of parasitic protists constitutes extracellular proteins that play a fundamental role in host-parasite interactions. Lytic factors, especially secreted proteases, are capable of modulating tissue invasion, thereby aggravating host susceptibility. Despite the important role of exoproteins during infection, the exoproteomic data on Histomonas meleagridis are non-existent.