[Pathogenesis of lower limb diabetic angiopathies in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus].

Some indices of the system of homeostasis, lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation (LPO), the levels of IRI, C-peptide, glycosylated Hb and glycemia (on an empty stomach) were investigated in 131 patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (the patients ranged in age from 40 to 60). Correlation analysis has shown that derangements in the system of homeostasis, lipid metabolism and LPO are correlated and interrelated, resulting in disorder of the arterial blood flow in the lower limbs and hence to the development and progression of diabetic angiopathies. The authors have proposed a scheme of LPO involvement in the development of lower limb diabetic angiopathies.

[Use of logical decision rules during screening in order to identify groups at risk for diabetes mellitus].

The paper describes two-staged examination of population to detect diabetes mellitus using computerized methods and modern methods based on control theory. The authors present the results of screening population in one of the Moscow districts using a standard GTT with a logic decision rule to identify groups at high risk of developing diabetes mellitus. The efficacy of the rule and its use under actual conditions of limited resources were considered.

[Medico-genetic counselling of the relatives of patients with type I diabetes mellitus].

Population-genetic surveys show that for the relatives of patients with type I diabetes mellitus (the 1st degree of kinship) a risk of developing the same type of diabetes is 2-5%. Tables of repeated risk of developing diabetes mellitus (DM) of type I for persons with a different number of relatives affected by this type of DM were calculated on the basis of analysis of 2000 family histories of DM patients (a random sampling). A risk of developing this disease is in direct correlation with the number of sick and healthy relatives and their age.

[Genetic analysis of the structure of predisposition to diabetes mellitus. IV. Population-genetics study of two types of diabetes mellitus with onset at age 20-40].

It was found that age-specific morbidity risks of type I diabetes mellitus (DM I) increased from the age of 0-4 yrs (0.012-0.013%) to the age of 10-14 yrs (0.

[The interrelation of the glucose tolerance test indices with nutritional factors in persons with excess body weight].

An organized population of males aged 20 to 59 (799 persons) was investigated, of them 55 had excess body mass (EBM). Body mass was evaluated using Quetelet's rule, its values 30 and more being regarded as the presence of EBM in an examinee. Nutrition was investigated by a method of examination of food eaten up over a preceding day.

[An analysis of the interrelationship of the HLA genotype and carbohydrate metabolism in the families of probands with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus].

A total of 15 families were investigated: probands with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and their relatives of the 1st degree of progeny (43 persons) in order to study the distribution of HLA antigens and their interrelationship with the gravity of a course of diabetes mellitus and the type of GTT. Antigens DR3 and/or DR4 were revealed in 93% of probands, especially in heterozygous patients (57.1%).

[Prevalence of ischemic heart disease, arterial hypertension and dyslipoproteinemia in persons with disorders of glucose tolerance].

Among 3490 males and females aged 20-69 years, oral glucose tolerance testing (GTT) revealed diabetes mellitus (DM) and abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) in 94 and 401 persons, respectively. The prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD), arterial hypertension (AH), and dyslipoproteinemias (DLP) was examined in groups of subjects that had normal GTT indices, patients with DM, and persons with AGT. In the latter, the prevalence of CHD was found to significantly higher than in those with normal GTT indices and be increased with severity of carbohydrate metabolic disturbances.

[Primary prevention of diabetes mellitus by nutritional correction].

Nutrition and the status of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were investigated in an organized population of men aged 20 to 59. Nutritional correction was based on the results obtained. Repeated investigation of the same population in 3 years has shown that a decrease in the caloric content of the daily ration at the expense of fats and carbohydrates, especially starch and refined sugars, causes a decrease in the level of basal insulin, mean values of glycemia during a GTT, and atherogenic fractions of the lipid spectrum.

[Comparative clinico-immunologic and microcirculation studies in families of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and systemic lupus erythematosus].

Presented are findings of comparative studies of the clinico-immunological parameters and the microcirculatory bed status in 17 DM I probands and 37 of their family members and in 17 SLE probands with 54 of their relatives. The DM I families were found to have DM and prediabetic cases, while among the SLE probands' families rheumatic and, less frequently, cardiovascular diseases prevailed. In the DM I probands' families, a significantly greater number of relatives were found to have rheumatoid factor, high IgG level, anti-DNA antibodies, and CIC (as compared to the SLE series).

[Prevention of diabetes mellitus].

Problems dealing with the current status of diabetes prevention are discussed. Data on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the main types of diabetes is presented which is based on the original research and international experience in the primary and secondary prophylaxis of this disease. The necessity of an integrated approach to the prophylaxis of diabetes and other chronic non-infectious diseases is emphasized stemming from the concept of common risk factors.

[Diagnostic significance of determining glycosylated hemoglobin in the detection of early forms of diabetes mellitus].

In order to determine the diagnostic value of glycolytic hemoglobin (HbA1c) in early forms of diabetes mellitus its content was studied in 62 individuals with disturbed glucose tolerance, then used as a kind of screening for examination of 357 workers employees at a factory with a subsequent glucose tolerance test (GTT). The level of HbA1c was raised almost in all persons with disturbed carbohydrate metabolism. There was correlation between HbA1c and GTT results in the diagnosis of disturbed glucose tolerance.

[Characteristics of disturbances in the hemostasis system in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with angiopathies of the vessels of the lower extremities].

Indices of the system of hemostasis, the levels of glycolysated hemoglobin were studied in 67 patients suffering from non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with lower limb angiopathies (aged 40 to 60). Rheovasography of the lower limbs was performed. The patients were treated with antidiabetic drugs per os (with the exception of hydroxydione sodium succinate), platelet aggregation inhibitors (pentoxifylline, acetylsalicylic acid) and vasodilators (xanthinol nicotinate, solcoseryl and cinnarizine).

[The questionnaire method in mass screening of the population for the presence of diabetes mellitus].

A questionnaire form for detection of diabetes mellitus among high risk persons has been prepared. The form includes only such questions and answers which provide information on the presence of absence of diabetes. Their qualitative characteristics are presented in the form of a scale of assessment, and the total assessment is expressed by integral characteristics of a degree of probability of the presence of diabetes mellitus.

[Prevalence of dyslipoproteinemias among diabetes mellitus patients].

The blood levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol were determined in 330 patients with Type I and II diabetes mellitus (DM) and in 400 persons with the normal glucose tolerance test (GTT). On a curve of the distribution of values of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol the upper 10% values were regarded as hypercholesterinemia (HCS) and hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and the lower 10% values as hypo-alpha-cholesterinemia (hypo-alpha-CS). The prevalence of dyslipoproteinemia was shown to be much higher in the DM patients than in the healthy persons resulting from a more frequent development of HCS, HTG and hypo-alpha-CS in the patients.

[Various aspects of the relation between blood sugar levels and the prevalence of ischemic heart disease among 20 to 69-year-old men and women (a simultaneous epidemiologic study)].

A random sample of 1,225 male and 1,243 female residents of a Moscow district, aged 20 to 69, has been studied. Their carbohydrate metabolism was assessed by means of an oral glucose tolerance test, and the diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD) was made on the basis of a WHO questionnaire and electrocardiography. The incidence of CHD was shown to be unassociated with the distribution of glycemia (both fasting and provoked by the glucose tolerance test) in males, while the association was significant in females.

[Genetic analysis of the structure of predisposition to diabetes mellitus. III. Genetic heterogeneity of diabetes mellitus with different ages of onset].

The results of genetical-epidemiological analysis of the three conventional forms of diabetes mellitus (DM) differentiated for age-at-onset are presented (the form I - from 0 to 29 y. the form II - from 30 to 59 y. the form III - 60 y.

[Risk of the development of diabetes mellitus in the relatives of diabetics becoming ill after 35].

A genetic-epidemiological study of 1300 diabetes mellitus patients who developed the disease over the age of 35, was conducted. The risk of diabetes mellitus development was calculated among siblings with relation to therapy type the presence of obesity in the probands without defining the types of diabetes mellitus in the siblings. Among the siblings of the patients with insulin-independent diabetes mellitus, diabetes mellitus incidence was lower than among the siblings of the entire sample.

[Incidence of arterial hypertension in relation to the blood sugar level in men and women aged 20 to 69 (a 1-factor epidemiological study)].

Arterial blood pressure (BP) was measured in 1225 males and 1243 females aged 20 to 69 years, who were also screened for glycemia by means of the glucose tolerance test (GTT). According to WHO recommendations, arterial hypertension (AH) was defined as systolic BP elevated to or above 160 mm Hg or diastolic BP elevated to or above 95 mm Hg. The incidence of AH was shown to be significantly related to the degree of glycemia in both males and females, the relationship being much closer in the latter.