Biphasic effect of sumatriptan on PTZ-induced seizures in mice: Modulation by 5-HT1B/D receptors and NOS/NO pathway.

Sumatriptan has been among the top choices in the management of migraine headaches. The association between migraine and epilepsy highlights the possible effect of sumatriptan on seizures. In this regard, we investigated sumatriptan effects on PTZ-induced seizures thresholds and delineated the modulatory role of 5-HT1B/D receptors and NOS/NO pathway.

Levosimendan exerts anticonvulsant properties against PTZ-induced seizures in mice through activation of nNOS/NO pathway: Role for K channel.

Aims: Although approving new anticonvulsants was a major breakthrough in the field of epilepsy control, so far we have met limited success in almost one third of patients suffering from epilepsy and a definite and reliable method is yet to be found. Levosimendan demonstrated neuroprotective effects and reduced mortality in conditions in which seizure can be an etiology of death; however, the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms of levosimendan still eludes us. In the light of evidence suggesting levosimendan can be a K channel opener and nitrergic pathway activator, levosimendan may exert antiseizure effects through K channels and nitrergic pathway.

The preventive and therapeutic potential of natural polyphenols on influenza.

Influenza virus belongs to orthomyxoviridae family. This virus is a major public health problems, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Despite a wide range of pharmacotherapeutic choices inhibiting specific sequences of pathological process of influenza, developing more effective therapeutic options is an immediate challenge.

Morphine modulates the effects of histamine H1 and H3 receptors on seizure susceptibility in pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure model of mice.

Histamine regulates release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate and also is involved in several functions in central nervous system (CNS). It has been shown that histamine participates in disorders like seizure. It has been well documented that morphine dose-dependently induces anti or proconvulsant effects.

Antioxidant therapy in acute, chronic and post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: To investigate the efficacy and adverse effects of antioxidant therapy in acute pancreatitis (AP), chronic pancreatitis (CP) and post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP).

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane library database, and Evidence-based medicine/clinical trials published before August 2014 were searched. Clinical and laboratory outcomes of randomized trials of antioxidant therapy in patients with AP, CP and PEP were included.

Transition Zone Prostate-specific Antigen Density Could Better Guide the Rebiopsy Strategy in Men With Prostate Inflammation at Initial Biopsy.

Objective: To assess the role of transition zone prostate-specific antigen density (TZPSAD) in determining rebiopsy strategy in men with prostate inflammation at initial biopsy.

Materials And Methods: Analysis was performed on data derived from transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy registry containing 2461 men who underwent biopsy between March 2005 and January 2015. Eligible patients were divided into 2 groups based on the presence of chronic inflammation in prostate.

Molecular and biochemical evidences on the protective effects of triiodothyronine against phosphine-induced cardiac and mitochondrial toxicity.

Aim: Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is a widely used fumigant and rodenticide. While AlP ingestion leads to high mortality, its exact mechanism of action is unclear. There are ample evidences suggesting cardioprotective effects of triiodothyronine (T3).

Cellular and molecular mechanisms of pentoxifylline's beneficial effects in experimental polycystic ovary.

Chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) appear to be two main pathways involved in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary (PCO) syndrome. Therefore, targeting these pathways by means of anticytokine and antioxidant agents might be a therapeutic alternative approach to the current treatments of PCO syndrome. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of pentoxifylline (PTX), a drug with antioxidant and anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) properties, in hyperandrogenism-induced PCO rats.

Hypoxia/ischemia a key player in early post stroke seizures: modulation by opioidergic and nitrergic systems.

Stroke is a leading cause of death, disability, and socioeconomic loss worldwide. All attempts at pharmacological reduction of the complications of stroke (e.g.

Involvement of PPAR receptors in the anticonvulsant effects of a cannabinoid agonist, WIN 55,212-2.

Cannabinoid and PPAR receptors show well established interactions in a set of physiological effects. Regarding the seizure-modulating properties of both classes of receptors, the present study aimed to evaluate the roles of the PPAR-gamma, PPAR-alpha and CB1 receptors on the anticonvulsant effects of WIN 55,212-2 (WIN, a non selective cannabinoid agonist). The clonic seizure thresholds after intravenous administration of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) were assessed in mice weighing 23-30 g.

Potentially effective natural drugs in treatment for the most common rheumatic disorder: osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition in which imbalance between anabolic and catabolic mediators occurs leading to the destruction of homeostasis of articular cartilage. The current drugs in the management of OA can just alleviate symptoms. Hence, the research tendency toward exploration of novel sources has been grown up in order to achieve safe and efficacious drugs.

The role of Toll-like receptors in multiple sclerosis and possible targeting for therapeutic purposes.

The interaction between the immune and nervous systems suggests invaluable mechanisms for several pathological conditions, especially neurodegenerative disorders. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling chronic autoimmune disease, characterized by chronic inflammation and neurodegenerative pathology of the central nervous system. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an important family of receptors involved in host defense and in recognition of invading pathogens.

Nitric oxide mediates the anticonvulsant effects of thalidomide on pentylenetetrazole-induced clonic seizures in mice.

Thalidomide is an old glutamic acid derivative which was initially used as a sedative medication but withdrawn from the market due to the high incidence of teratogenicity. Recently, it has reemerged because of its potential for counteracting number of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Other than the antiemetic and hypnotic aspects, thalidomide exerts some anticonvulsant properties in experimental settings.

Ovarian aging-like phenotype in the hyperandrogenism-induced murine model of polycystic ovary.

There are prominently similar symptoms, effectors, and commonalities in the majority of characteristics between ovarian aging and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Despite the approved role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of PCOS and aging, to our knowledge, the link between the PCO(S) and aging has not been investigated yet. In this study we investigated the possible exhibition of ovarian aging phenotype in murine model of PCO induced by daily oral administration of letrozole (1 mg/kg body weight) for 21 consecutive days in the female Wistar rats.