Prevalence of SPOP and IDH Gene Mutations in Prostate Cancer in a Jordanian Population.

Speckle-type POZ (SPOP) is described as an essential tumor suppressor factor in gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer (PCa). SPOP gene mutations were reported in primary human PCa. Isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) oncogene mutations were detected in gliomas, acute myeloid leukemia, some benign and malignant cartilaginous tumors, and only 1% of PCa.

Depressed "ping pong" skull fractures in the newborns: A cohort study.

Background And Aims: A ping pong fracture is a rare depressed skull fracture (DSF) observed in infants. It occurs due to the inward buckling of the calvarium, creating a cup-like shape. Trauma during childbirth, particularly from instrumental delivery or the application of pressure by physicians or midwives during challenging deliveries, is the primary cause.

The risk of solid organ tumors in patients with chronic kidney disease: A narrative review of literature.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been correlated with certain pathological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and other renal-related dysfunctions. Some other reports suggested an association between CKD and the development of certain solid cancers. Therefore, we aimed to generate this narrative review to present the available literature on the risk of solid cancer development in CKD patient populations.

Exploring the Impact of Cigarette Smoke Extracts on Vitamin B: Insights into the Transformation of Methylcobalamin and Hydroxycobalamin to Cyanocobalamin through Evaluation.

Vitamin B (cobalamin) is a water-soluble molecule required for the proper functioning of metabolism, blood and DNA synthesis, and neurological development. Vitamin B exists in several forms: methylcobalamin (MeCbl), adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl), hydroxycobalamin (OHCbl), and cyanocobalamin (CNCbl). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoke on the chemical structure of methylcobalamin and hydroxycobalamin forms of vitamin B.

Vitamin B deficiency in diabetic patients treated with metformin: A narrative review.

Metformin is the most prescribed oral hypoglycemic drug and is considered by many health practitioners as the first-line treatment for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is used either as a monotherapy or adjuvant to other anti-hyperglycemic agents. Most of its side effects are usually mild and self-limiting.

Estrogens and the risk of breast cancer: A narrative review of literature.

In female mammals, the development and regulation of the reproductive system and non-reproductive system are significantly influenced by estrogens (oestrogens). In addition, lipid metabolism is another physiological role of estrogens. Estrogens act through different types of receptors to introduce signals to the target cell by affecting many estrogen response elements.

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on smoking habits and lifestyle: A cross-sectional study.

Background And Aims: Throughout the COVID-19 lockdown, the resultant psychological disturbances led to more tobacco consumption and deteriorated smoking behaviors among smokers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the smoking behaviors of the Jordanian population.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was designed using the Google Forms service and distributed by social media platforms.

A cross-sectional study of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the physical activity of Jordanian population.

Background: Since the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic on 11th March 2020, the public health recommendations have applied lockdowns and restrictions to limit the spread of the disease. These measures determined outdoor activities and access to many forms of exercise.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical activity (PA) of the Jordanian population.

Impact of tobacco smoking in association with H2BFWT, PRM1 and PRM2 genes variants on male infertility.

Tobacco's genotoxic components can cause a wide range of gene defects in spermatozoa such as single- or double-strand DNA breaks, cross-links, DNA-adducts, higher frequencies of aneuploidy and chromosomal abnormalities. The aim in this study was to determine the correlation between sperm quality determined by standard parameters, sperm DNA maturity tested by Chromomycin A3 (CMA3) staining, sperm DNA fragmentation tested by TUNEL assay and tobacco smoking in association with the single nucleotides polymorphisms (SNP) of three nuclear protein genes in spermatozoa (H2BFWT, PRM1 and PRM2). In this study, semen samples of 167 male patients were collected and divided into 54 non-smokers and 113 smokers.

A lack of a definite correlation between male sub-fertility and single nucleotide polymorphisms in sperm mitochondrial genes MT-CO3, MT-ATP6 and MT-ATP8.

Background: An inability of a man to conceive a potentially fertile woman after a year of unprotected intercourse is defined as male infertility. It is reported that 30-40% of males in their reproductive years have abnormalities in sperm production, either qualitatively or quantitatively, or both. However, genetic factors result in up to 15% of male infertility cases.

Impact of genetic polymorphisms at the promoter area of IL-10 gene on tacrolimus level in Jordanian renal transplantation recipients.

Background: Tacrolimus is a widely used immunosuppressant that prevents solid organ transplant rejection. The pharmacokinetics of Tacrolimus show considerable varia - bility. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), in the host's immune response after transplantation, contributes to the variable CYP3Adependent drug disposition of Tacrolimus.

Robot-Assisted Tubal Reanastomosis after Sterilization: A Choice for Family Planning.

A variety of procedures have been used for family planning. One of these is sterilization surgery, which can be reversed by a tubal reanastomosis. In the present report, we compare Robot-assisted tubal reanastomosis sterilization with other methods of family planning and discuss factors related to the choice of the approach.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the Jordanian eating and nutritional habits.

Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, variable measures have been implemented to control the invasion of SARS-CoV-19 worldwide. Some of these measures included lockdowns for several months in some countries. In Jordan, various protocols have been implemented to deal with the epidemic, such as border closures, closures and local protocols for open days until we reach the partial opening in mid-2021.

Nanomedicine tactics in cancer treatment: Challenge and hope.

Defeating cancer is the ultimate challenge and goal of oncologists, facing various obstacles along with finding effective anti-cancer therapies and understanding drug delivery mechanisms. Additionally, the translation of the experimental findings to the clinical outcomes such as specificity, delivery, toxicity, clearance, and bioavailability is another health concern. Nanomedicine is a branch of nanotechnology that has been drastically developed in the last decades.

Recent Advances in Anticancer Activity of Novel Plant Extracts and Compounds from Curcuma longa in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Purpose: Among all forms of cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. There are several treatment options for HCC ranging from loco-regional therapy to surgical treatment. Yet, there is high morbidity and mortality.

Gene Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Potential Targets and Tools.

Neuropsychiatric disorders that affect the central nervous system cause considerable pressures on the health care system and have a substantial economic burden on modern societies. The present treatments based on available drugs are mostly ineffective and often costly. The molecular process of neuropsychiatric disorders is closely connected to modifying the genetic structures inherited or caused by damage, toxic chemicals, and some current diseases.

Association between the single nucleotide variants of the mitochondrial cytochrome B gene (MT-CYB) and the male infertility.

Background: Idiopathic male infertility can be attributed to genetic predispositions that affect sperm performance and function. Genetic alterations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been linked to certain types of male infertility and abnormal sperm function. Mutations in the mitochondrial cytochrome B (MT-CYB) gene might lead to some deficiencies in mitochondrial function.

Effectiveness of interactive teaching intervention on medical students' knowledge and attitudes toward stem cells, their therapeutic uses, and potential research applications.

Background: Stem cell science is rapidly developing with the potential to alleviate many non-treatable diseases. Medical students, as future physicians, should be equipped with the proper knowledge and attitude regarding this hopeful field. Interactive teaching, whereby the teachers actively involve the students in the learning process, is a promising approach to improve their interest, knowledge, and team spirit.

Continuous Saline Bladder Irrigation in Reducing Recurrence and Progression When Compared to Immediate Mitomycin- C Instillation Post- Resection of Bladder Tumor: A Short Communication.

Introduction: Intravesical chemotherapy instillation by mitomycin - C (MMC) immediately after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), although effective in reducing the incidence of non- muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) recurrence, can result in non desirable effects like bladder irritation and hematuria . Continuous bladder irrigation with saline post resection has been studied as an alternative. In our study we  compare the rates of  NMIBC recurrence and progression in patients who were treated with either MMC or CSBI immediately after tumor resection.

Anti-proliferative, Anti-angiogenic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Moringa peregrina Leaf Extracts on Testosterone- Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats.

Aim: To investigate the potential anti-inflammatory and biochemical effects of Moringa peregrina leaf extracts on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in rats.

Methods: Six groups of rats (each group included 5 rats) were included in this study. The groups included: 1) the control group, 2) the testosterone-induced BPH group, 3) with 50 mg/kg bwt (bodyweight) oil-treated BPH, 4) with 100 mg/kg bwt.

Alleviation of diabetic nephropathy by zinc oxide nanoparticles in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes in rats.

This study examines the effect of nanoparticles with zinc oxides (ZnONPs) on diabetic nephropathy, which is the primary cause of mortality for diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease. Diabetes in adult male rats was induced via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. ZnONPs were intraperitoneally administered to diabetic rats daily for 7 weeks.

Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists in Hypoglycemia.

A relatively recent addition to the arsenal of antidiabetic drugs used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been the "incretin mimetics," a group of drugs that work on the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor and enhance insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cells in a glucose-dependent manner, more potently in hyperglycemic conditions, while suppressing glucagon secretion at the same time. Therefore, it was assumed that this class of drugs would have a lower risk of hypoglycemia than insulin secretagogues like sulphonylureas. However, GLP-1 receptor agonists have been proposed to cause hypoglycemia in healthy normoglycemic subjects implying that their action is not as glucose-dependent as once thought.

Negative histology in surgically managed tubal ectopic pregnancy.

Objective: To determine the rate of negative histology following salpingectomy for suspected ectopic pregnancy.

Methods: A retrospective case series in a university hospital in the southwest of England was carried out. The records of all patients who had a salpingectomy for suspected ectopic pregnancy between January 2007 and December 2012 were reviewed.

Lack of association between single polymorphic variants of the mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase 3, and 4L (MT-ND3 and MT-ND4L) and male infertility.

Male infertility is a multifactorial condition associated with different genetic abnormalities in at least 15%-30% of cases. The purpose of this study was to identify suspected correlations between infertility and polymorphisms in mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunits 3 and 4L (MT-ND3 and MT-ND4L) in subfertile male spermatozoa. Sanger sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA target genes was performed on 68 subfertile and 44 fertile males.

6th year medical students' future specialty preferences: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Studying career preferences can help in designing and improving health service systems. Determining the preferred specialty and understanding the compulsion affecting specialty choice will provide clues to influence such choice in the future to shift the balance of specialties among practitioners. The current study aimed to determine medical students' preferable specialty choices and the factors influencing their choices and their attitude towards postgraduate medical education in Jordan and abroad.