Patient-matched analysis identifies deregulated networks in prostate cancer to guide personalized therapeutic intervention.

Prostate cancer (PrCa) is the second most common malignancy in men. More than 50% of advanced prostate cancers display the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion. Despite extensive cancer genome/transcriptome data, little is known about the impact of mutations and altered transcription on regulatory networks in the PrCa of individual patients.

[The level of evidence for the use of biomarkers in the early detection of prostate cancer].

To systematically review the evidence for the use of PSA and other biomarkers in the early detection of prostate cancer, we searched PubMed for clinical trials and studies assessing PSA and other biomarkers in the early detection of prostate cancer, published between 2000 and May 2013 that included >200 subjects. The level of evidence (LOE) for clinical utility was evaluated using the tumor marker utility grading system. A total of 84 publications, corresponding to 70 trials and studies were selected for inclusion in this review.

Virilizing oncocytic adrenocortical carcinoma: clinical and immunohistochemical studies.

Context: Oncocytic tumors of the adrenal cortex are rare, mostly nonfunctioning and benign.

Setting: Report virilizing oncocytic adrenocortical carcinoma in a 50-year-old woman.

Patient: She presented a recent and progressive virilization syndrome, associated with high blood pressure.

Periprostatic adipocytes act as a driving force for prostate cancer progression in obesity.

Obesity favours the occurrence of locally disseminated prostate cancer in the periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) surrounding the prostate gland. Here we show that adipocytes from PPAT support the directed migration of prostate cancer cells and that this event is strongly promoted by obesity. This process is dependent on the secretion of the chemokine CCL7 by adipocytes, which diffuses from PPAT to the peripheral zone of the prostate, stimulating the migration of CCR3 expressing tumour cells.

Sphingosine Kinase 1 urothelial expression is increased in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity.

Unlabelled: To evaluate the expression of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPK1) in the bladder wall in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction and its association with clinical, urodynamic and pathological features.

Materials And Methods: The expression of SPK1 was studied in bladder wall specimens obtained from cystectomy using immunohistochemistry in ten patients with spinal cord injury (n=8) or multiple sclerosis (n=2) with urodynamically proven neuropathic bladder dysfunction, and in controls (n=5). Inflammation and fibrosis were analysed with histological criteria and SPK1 expression was determined by individual immunohistochemical staining.

[A prospective trial comparing consecutive series of open retropubic and robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in a centre: Oncologic and functional outcomes].

Objective: Radical prostatectomy (RP) is an oncologic and functional challenge. Few series compare prospectively the two approaches, open retropubic (ORP) and laparoscopic robot-assisted RP (LRARP). The objective was to compare the oncological and functional results of ORP and LRARP.

Mannose-6-phosphate receptor: a target for theranostics of prostate cancer.

The development of personalized and non-invasive cancer therapies based on new targets combined with nanodevices is a major challenge in nanomedicine. In this work, the over-expression of a membrane lectin, the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (M6PR), was specifically demonstrated in prostate cancer cell lines and tissues. To efficiently target this lectin a mannose-6-phosphate analogue was synthesized in six steps and grafted onto the surface of functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs).

[Renal unilateral oncocytis: case report].

The renal oncocytoma tumors are rare (5% of renal tumors). These benign tumors are incidentally diagnosed most often in an asymptomatic form. Sometimes it is multiple bilateral tumors affecting the renal parenchyma and forming a renal oncocytosis.

Normotensive incidentally discovered pheochromocytomas display specific biochemical, cellular, and molecular characteristics.

Context: A number of incidentally discovered pheochromocytomas are not associated with hypertension. The characteristics of normotensive incidentally discovered pheochromocytomas (NIPs) are poorly known.

Objective: The purpose of this work was to assess the clinical, hormonal, histological, and molecular features of NIPs.

Guidelines on processing and reporting of prostate biopsies: the 2013 update of the pathology committee of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC).

The histopathological examination of a prostate biopsy is the basis of prostate cancer diagnostics. Prostate cancer grade and extent of cancer in the diagnostic biopsy are important determinants of patient management. Quality of the prostate biopsy and its processing may influence the outcome of the histopathological evaluation.

Vaginal lubrication after cervicovaginal stimulation is facilitated by phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition in ovariectomized mice.

Introduction: Nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) and estrogen receptors are expressed in the vagina.

Aim: We aimed to assess the impact of sildenafil on vaginal lubrication according to the hormonal status and to determine the role of the neuronal isoform of NOS (nNOS).

Methods: Four-week-old C57/BL6 female mice were sham operated or ovariectomized.

Prognostic interest in discriminating muscularis mucosa invasion (T1a vs T1b) in nonmuscle invasive bladder carcinoma: French national multicenter study with central pathology review.

Purpose: Predictive factors of T1 nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer evolution that could guide treatment decision making are lacking. We assessed the prognostic value of muscularis mucosa invasion in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.

Materials And Methods: In a national multicenter study patients with primary T1 nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer were recruited from 6 French hospitals.

[Migration of pathological stage after radical prostatectomy to higher risk tumors of relapse: comparative two-center study between 2005 and 2010].

Objective: With PSA screening, the incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) has increased. Moreover, age and clinical stage have decreased as a result of earlier diagnosis. In this context, the risk of over-treatment including surgery may be important.

Adrenocortical tumors: improving the practice of the Weiss system through virtual microscopy: a National Program of the French Network INCa-COMETE.

The Weiss score is the reference method to distinguish between a benign and a malignant adrenocortical tumor (ACT). A program was initiated to improve the reproducibility of the pathologic diagnosis of ACTs in France through the National INCa-COMETE Network. Twelve pathologists from all Reference Centers of the Network analyzed 50 selected ACTs using a web-based virtual microscopy approach in a blind design, allowing to determine the intraobserver and interobserver reproducibilities of the Weiss system.

First evidence of sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase protein expression and activity downregulation in human neoplasm: implication for resistance to therapeutics in prostate cancer.

This is the first report of sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase (SPL) protein expression and enzymatic activity in human neoplasm. This enzyme drives irreversible degradation of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid associated with resistance to therapeutics in various cancers, including prostate adenocarcinoma. In fresh human prostatectomy specimens, a remarkable decrease in SPL enzymatic activity was found in tumor samples, as compared with normal adjacent tissues.

[Diagnostic test for bladder cancer: the NMP22®].

Introduction: Diagnosis and follow-up of bladder cancer is based on cytology and cystoscopic exams. Cytology is highly specific but remains with a highly variable sensitivity. Cystoscopy is an invasive exam and has shown specific limits.

[Pathologic diagnosis and management of flat lesions of urothelium detected with aminolevulinic acid (Hexvix®)].

Introduction: The aim of the study was to review the most important flat lesions, to demonstrate the difficulty of classifying several lesions, to introduce to urologists the new problems linked to FD and to suggest new models for accurate analysis.

Materials And Methods: Data about urothelial carcinomas and flat lesions and fluorescence were searched on MEDLINE by using the following keywords: cystoscopy; fluorescence; flat lesion; carcinoma in situ; metaplasia; bladder carcinoma.

Results: No evidence 1 level data was available.

Sphingosine kinase-1 activity and expression in human prostate cancer resection specimens.

Purpose: Sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1) was shown in preclinical models and non-genitourinary cancers to be instrumental in cancer progression, adaptation to hypoxia and in tumour angiogenesis. No data were available in human prostate cancer. The present study was designed to assess SphK1 expression and activity in radical prostatectomy specimens and to research correlations with clinical features.

[T1 bladder carcinoma: prognostic value of the muscularis mucosae invasion (T1a/T1b). A multicenter study by the French Urological Association (CCAFU)].

Objective: The aim of this multicenter study was to determine the prognostic value of the depth of invasion of lamina propria and more specifically the influence of the invasion of the muscularis mucosae on survival parameters in T1 bladder carcinoma.

Patients: Six urological centers included patients between 1994 and 2004 who had an initial T1 bladder tumor. All T1 tumors were substaged according to the muscularis mucosae (MM) invasion into T1a (no invasion beyond the MM) and T1b (invasion beyond MM but preserving the muscle).

[What's new in 2009 about urothelial tumors? Live from EAU, AUA and ASCO, ASCO-GU].

During the EAU and AUA congress in 2009, major work about the urothelial carcinoma was interested in the classification T1a / b and its therapeutic consequences, the last results of BCG therapy and photodynamic diagnosis. At ASCO congress, the main studies presented focused on the systemic treatment, in adjuvant situation, in first line treatment of metastatic bladder cancer, particularly with the addition of anti-angiogenic to chemotherapy, and in conservative treatment in association with radiotherapy.

[Checkup and management of upper urinary tract tumours in 2010: An update from the committee of cancer from the French National Association of Urology].

Urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UUT-UCC) are rare tumours and represent about 5 % of urothelial tumours. There is a history of bladder cancer in 30 % of patients with UUT-UCC but less than 2 % of patients with bladder cancer have a location in the upper urinary tract. The main prognostic factors are age, grade and tumour stage.