Long term noninvasive respiratory support in children with OSA-I and OSA-II: Data of a nation-wide study.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the characteristics of otherwise healthy children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA; OSA-I) and children with OSA and non-syndromic obesity (OSA-II) treated with long term continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in 2019 in France.

Methods: Data were collected from a national survey on paediatric home noninvasive ventilatory support. CPAP/NIV initiation criteria and duration, age at CPAP/NIV initiation, equipment used and CPAP/NIV settings, and objective compliance were analyzed.

[The impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy on respiratory disease in children].

Among the causes of abnormal fetal lung development, active and environmental maternal smoking represents a major potential target in preventive medicine. Prevalence of smoking among women, particularly during pregnancy, varies across the different regions of the world. We reviewed the literature on the repercussions of maternal smoking on the lungs of the fetus and the neonate.

Post viral bronchiolitis obliterans in children: A rare and potentially devastating disease.

Post infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) is a rare but severe disease in children. Several respiratory pathogens are incriminated but adenovirus is still the most represented. Risk factors are well described: the male gender, hypoxemia at diagnosis and required mechanical ventilation.

[Diagnosis and management of idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax in adolescents].

Introduction: Due to the absence of consensual definition and agreed-upon pediatric treatment, pneumothorax (PNO) in children and adolescents often remains difficult to properly apprehend.

State Of The Art: While initial diagnostic suspicion is clinical, confirmation necessitates chest imaging, and lung ultrasound has become increasingly prevalent, often at the expense of chest radiography. The goal of treatment is twofold, on the one hand to a fully re-expand the lungs, and on the other hand to forestall PNO recurrence.

Pediatric long-term noninvasive respiratory support in children with central nervous system disorders.

Rationale: The use of long-term noninvasive respiratory support is increasing in children along with an extension of indications, in particular in children with central nervous system (CNS) disorders.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of children with CNS disorders treated with long-term noninvasive respiratory support in France.

Methods: Data were collected from 27 French pediatric university centers through an anonymous questionnaire filled for every child treated with noninvasive ventilatory support ≥3 months on 1st June 2019.

Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Infants with Normal Awake Clinical Examination: Contribution of Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy.

Objectives: To determine the cause of obstructive sleep-disordered breathing using drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) in infants without co-morbidities and with normal clinical examination.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted between December 2019 and June 2022 (31 mo). All infants referred for obstructive sleep-disordered breathing with normal clinical examination and flexible laryngoscopy were included and underwent DISE.

Long-term evolution of neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy: the FRENCHI findings.

Only few studies report long-term evolution of patients with neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI). We report data from a 54-patient cohort followed up in the French network for rare respiratory diseases (RespiRare). Demographic characteristics and respiratory and nutritional evolution were collected at the time of the patient's last scheduled visit.

Long term noninvasive ventilation and continuous positive airway pressure in children with neuromuscular diseases in France.

The aim of the study was to describe the characteristics of children with neuromuscular diseases treated with long term noninvasive ventilation or continuous positive airway pressure in France. On June 1st 2019, 387 patients (63% boys, mean age 11.2 ± 5.

French national cohort of neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (FRENCHI) study: diagnosis and initial management.

Unlabelled: Early diagnosis of neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) is crucial as, conversely to the other causes of intersititial lung disease, corticosteroids are not recommended. Diagnosis is historically based on lung biopsy (NEHI), but in current practice, a clinical and radiological approach is more and more preferred (NEHI syndrome). This national study aimed to address diagnosis and initial management of patients followed up for a NEHI pattern in pediatric centers for rare lung diseases (RespiRare, France).

Real-life requests for Bordetella polymerase chain reaction testing in children presenting to hospital.

From 2015 to 2017, 3197 interpretable Bordetella polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were performed for 2760 children presenting to our tertiary university hospital. Requests mainly came from the emergency department (62%) and for children older than 1 year (68%). Only 32 PCR (1%) results were positive, mainly in children younger than 1 year (n = 29/32, 90.

Paediatric long term continuous positive airway pressure and noninvasive ventilation in France: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: To describe the characteristics of children treated with long term continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in France.

Design: Cross-sectional national survey.

Setting: Paediatric CPAP/NIV teams of 28 tertiary university hospitals in France.

Circulation of enterovirus A71 during 2019-2020, Marseille, France.

Enteroviruses A71 (EVs-A71) are known to cause serious neurological infections, especially in the pediatric population. We report here eight cases of EV-A71 infection diagnosed in Marseille over the past 2 years (seven cases in 2019 and one case in 2020). Only children under 5 years of age were affected, including one case of acute flaccid paralysis.

Respiratory management of children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) causes a predominantly bilateral proximal muscle weakness and atrophy. The respiratory muscles are also involved with a weakness of the intercostal muscles and a relatively spared diaphragm. This respiratory muscle weakness translates into a cough impairment, resulting in poor clearance of airway secretions and recurrent pulmonary infections, restrictive lung disease due to a poor or insufficient chest wall and lung growth, nocturnal hypoventilation and, finally, respiratory failure.

Drug hypersensitivity in children: a retrospective analysis of 101 pharmacovigilance reports.

Our objective was to describe and discuss management of recent cases of drug hypersensitivity in children reported in a pharmacovigilance center. Two pediatric allergy units conducted a collaborative retrospective analysis of 101 adverse drug reactions reported to a regional pharmacovigilance center between January 2016 and July 2019. Time lapse between hypersensitivity reaction onset and allergy consultation varied from 1 month to 12 years.

Severe adenovirus pneumonia with hemophagocytic syndrome and respiratory failure.

We report the case of an 18-month-old infant with severe serotype 3 adenovirus pneumonia, exceptionally associated with hemophagocytic syndrome. Treatment included cidofovir and mechanical ventilation for 13 days. The child developed chronic respiratory insufficiency due to bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis obliterans.

Key role of pediatricians and disease for influenza vaccination in children with high-risk chronic diseases.

Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for children with chronic diseases. Studies on influenza vaccines, following controversies related to the 2009 H1N1 influenza, are scarce in Europe. Our aim was to evaluate the influenza vaccination coverage in such children in a French tertiary hospital.

City housing atmospheric pollutant impact on emergency visit for asthma: A classification and regression tree approach.

Introduction: Particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide (NO) and ozone are recognized as the three pollutants that most significantly affect human health. Asthma is a multifactorial disease. However, the place of residence has rarely been investigated.

Correction of CFTR function in nasal epithelial cells from cystic fibrosis patients predicts improvement of respiratory function by CFTR modulators.

Clinical studies with modulators of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein have demonstrated that functional restoration of the mutated CFTR can lead to substantial clinical benefit. However, studies have shown highly variable patient responses. The objective of this study was to determine a biomarker predictive of the clinical response.

Air pollution and children's asthma-related emergency hospital visits in southeastern France.

Unlabelled: Children's asthma is multifactorial. Environmental factors like air pollution exposure, meteorological conditions, allergens, and viral infections are strongly implicated. However, place of residence has rarely been investigated in connection with these factors.

Bronchial epithelium in children: a key player in asthma.

Bronchial epithelium is a key element of the respiratory airways. It constitutes the interface between the environment and the host. It is a physical barrier with many chemical and immunological properties.