Non-invasive Body Contouring Technologies: An Updated Narrative Review.

Introduction: Nowadays, a lot of body contouring devices and methods are introduced all over the world. The object of the present narrative review was to update and classify existing evidence on these methods and devices.

Methods: We searched databases including PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar for 11 essential keywords, including cryolipolysis, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), shock wave, low-level laser therapy (LLLT), radiofrequency (RF), capacitive resistive electrical transfer (TECAR), high-intensity focused electromagnetic (HIFEM), electromyostimulation (EMS), carboxytherapy, mesotherapy, and acupuncture and their abbreviations, in addition to obesity, overweight, cellulite, subcutaneous fat, and body contouring.

International validation of the Metabolic Exercise test data combined with Cardiac and Kidney Indexes (MECKI) score in heart failure.

Aims: Current European heart failure (HF) guidelines suggest the use of risk score: among them, the Metabolic Exercise test data combined with Cardiac and Kidney Indexes (MECKI) score has demonstrated to be one of the most accurate. However, the risk scores are still poorly implemented in clinical practice, also due to the lack of strong evidence regarding their external validation in different populations. Thus, the current study was designed as an external validation test of the MECKI score in an international multicentre setting.

Effect of eight weeks respiratory muscle training on respiratory capacity, functional capacity and quality of life on subjects with mild to moderate relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nervous system leading to muscle weakness, including the respiratory muscles that cause pulmonary complications, impair functional capacity, increased fatigue, and as a result decreases the quality of life.

Aim: The purpose of the present study is to examine the influence of 8 weeks of respiratory muscle training (RMT) on pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength in MS patients.

Methods: The present study was a single-blind, randomized controlled trial that was conducted on 36 (27 Female, 9 Male) relapsing-remitting MS patients who were definitively diagnosed by a neurologist and randomly were divided into intervention and control groups.

Effect of endurance training on cardiopulmonary fitness in people with multiple sclerosis.

Introduction: Disturbances associated with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) can be due to the pathologic process of the disease or insufficient physical fitness. The benefits of exercise in improving cardiopulmonary fitness have been demonstrated in animal studies and also clinical trials on cardiovascular patients and healthy human cases; however, its effectiveness in people with MS(pwMS) is still unknown. people with MS often engage in rehabilitation programs for exercise tolerance improvement.

Performance of Heart Failure Patients with Severely Reduced Ejection Fraction during Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing on Treadmill and Cycle Ergometer; Similarities and Differences.

Background: Peak oxygen consumption (VO) measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a significant predictor of mortality and future transplantation in heart failure patients with severely reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The present study evaluated the differences in peak VO and other prognostic variables between treadmill and cycle CPETs in these patients.

Methods: In this cross-over study design, thirty males with severe HFrEF underwent CPET on both a treadmill and a cycle ergometer within 2-5 days apart, and important CPET parameters between two exercise test modalities were compared.

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Parameters in Athletic Population: A Review.

Although still underutilized, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) allows the most accurate and reproducible measurement of cardiorespiratory fitness and performance in athletes. It provides functional physiologic indices which are key variables in the assessment of athletes in different disciplines. CPET is valuable in clinical and physiological investigation of individuals with loss of performance or minor symptoms that might indicate subclinical cardiovascular, pulmonary or musculoskeletal disorders.

National food policies in the Islamic Republic of Iran aimed at control and prevention of noncommunicable diseases.

Background: Diet plays an important role in the risk of noncommunicable diseases. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, national activities were started after release of the World Health Organization's (WHO) action plan on prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases.

Aims: This study describes national food policies implemented by the government in order to reduce noncommunicable diseases in the country in line with WHO action plan.

Regular Sports Participation as a Potential Predictor of Better Clinical Outcome in Adult Patients With COVID-19: A Large Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: To compare the severity outcomes of COVID-19 disease between patients with and without regular sports participation.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, the authors investigated all patients who visited the emergency department of Imam Khomeini hospital with signs and symptoms of COVID-19 from February 20 to April 20, 2020. Then the authors assessed all patient outcomes (outpatient vs hospitalization or death).

Effect of the exercise programme on the quality of life of prostate cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the exercise programme on the quality of life of prostate cancer (PCa) survivors.

Methods: A randomized controlled, parallel trial was conducted from April 2017 to January 2018 on 80 PCa survivors. They were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups (n = 40 in each group).

Effects of a Cardiac Rehabilitation Program Versus Usual Care on Cardiopulmonary Function in Patients With Cardiac Syndrome X.

Purpose: Because of uncertainty in the pathophysiological process, the treatment of cardiac syndrome X (CSX) is still under study. Addressing the effects of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) can help promote the prescription of this modality as an adjuvant therapy for these patients.

Methods: This study was performed on 30 patients with effort-induced angina pectoris using a positive exercise test and/or myocardial perfusion scan in the absence of obvious stenosis or a stenosis of <50% on coronary angiography.

Oral health status, salivary pH status, and counts in dental plaques and saliva of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), accounting for 23% of all malignancies in children, is the most prevalent pediatric malignancy. This study compared dental caries, oral hygiene status, salivary pH, and counts in dental plaques and saliva of children with leukemia with those of healthy controls.

Materials And Methods: This case-control cross-sectional study assessed 32 children with ALL and 32 healthy children (4-9-year-old) for gingival bleeding index (GBI), decayed, missing, and filled/decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMF/dmfs), and plaque index (PI).

Effect of Probiotic Yogurt and Xylitol-Containing Chewing Gums on Salivary S Mutans Count.

Background And Aims: In addition to improving gastrointestinal health and intestinal microflora, probiotic bacteria have been recently suggested to decrease cariogenic agents in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotic yogurt and xylitol-containing chewing gums on reducing salivary Streptococcus mutans levels.

Study Design: This randomized clinical trial recruited 50 female students with over 10 colony forming units S.

Review of the Mechanisms and Effects of Noninvasive Body Contouring Devices on Cellulite and Subcutaneous Fat.

Context: Today, different kinds of non-invasive body contouring modalities, including cryolipolysis, radiofrequency (RF), low-level laser therapy (LLLT), and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) are available for reducing the volume of subcutaneous adipose tissue or cellulite. Each procedure has distinct mechanisms for stimulating apoptosis or necrosis adipose tissue. In addition to the mentioned techniques, some investigations are underway for analyzing the efficacy of other techniques such as whole body vibration (WBV) and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT).

The Activation Pattern of Trunk and Lower Limb Muscles in an Electromyographic Assessment; Comparison Between Ground and Treadmill Walking.

Background: Due to biomechanical differences, various patterns of muscle contraction are expected to occur while walking over ground versus when walking on a treadmill.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare amplitude and duration of activation of selected trunk and lower extremity muscles during over-ground and treadmill walking.

Materials And Methods: Through a simple sampling method, 19 sedentary healthy men within the age range of 20 - 40 were selected.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Composition of Soccer Referees; Do These Correlate With Proper Performance?

Background: The elite-level referee is exposed to similar physical demands to those placed on a midfield soccer player. They have an important responsibility to implement the rules of the game. So, good health and performance of soccer referees have a great importance.

Effect of Omega-3 PUFAs Supplementation with Lifestyle Modification on Anthropometric Indices and Vo2 max in Overweight Women.

Background: Despite the fact that the recommendations of counteracting obesity advocate for changing lifestyle and physical activity habits, the prevalence of obesity continues to rise. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of omega-3 PUFAs supplementation with lifestyle modification on anthropometric indices and Vo2max in overweight women.

Methods: Fifty overweight women aged between 20 to 45 years were recruited in this interventional study.

Effects of Treatment with Various Remineralizing Agents on the Microhardness of Demineralized Enamel Surface.

Background and aims. Remineralization of incipient caries is one of the goals in dental health care. The present study aimed at comparing the effects of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate complex (CPP-ACP), Remin Pro(®), and 5% sodium fluoride varnish on remineralization of enamel lesions.

The usefulness of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in assessment of patients with suspected coronary artery disease.

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess different parameters of cardiopulmonary exercise testing that can predict the development of myocardial ischaemia in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) and to identify the parameters which have more correlation with myocardial ischaemia.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: In this study, a total of 31 men (mean age 57.

Acute Effect of Morning and Afternoon Aerobic Exercise on Appetite of Overweight Women.

Background: The best time of exercise along the day for weight management in overweight and obese patients is not determined. The time of exercise may influence its effect on appetite and food intake.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two different times of exercise during the day on appetite, energy intake, and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) on overweight women.

Effect of different cavity conditioners on microleakage of glass ionomer cement with a high viscosity in primary teeth.

Background: Glass ionomer cement is a common material used in pediatric dentistry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of high-viscosity glass ionomer restorations in deciduous teeth after conditioning with four different conditioners.

Materials And Methods: Fifty intact primary canines were collected.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation has no Impact on Aerobic Capacity of Healthy Young Men.

This study investigated the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the aerobic capacity and anthropometric measurements of humans. Although this effect has been shown in animal studies, human studies have reported controversial results. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial, 80 non-trained healthy young men received a 50:50 mixture of cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10 cis-12 CLA (CLA 4 × 0.

Additional Effects of an Individualized Risk Factor-Based Approach on Pain and the Function of Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of adding risk factor-based approach (including appropriate exercises and orthoses) to routine quadriceps strengthening exercise with respect to pain and function in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS).

Design: A parallel group nonblinded randomized controlled trial with 12-week follow-up.

Setting: An outpatient Sports Medicine Clinic of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Patellofemoral pain syndrome and modifiable intrinsic risk factors; how to assess and address?

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a very common disorder of the knee. Due to multiple forces influencing the patellofemoral joint, clinical management of this ailment is particularly intricate. Patellofemoral pain syndrome has a multifactorial nature and multiple parameters have been proposed as potential risk factors, classified as intrinsic or extrinsic.