Publications by authors named "Mayumi Yamaguchi"
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to investigate the effects of pemafibrate on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) using a mouse model.
- Forty-two male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: a control group, a DSS group receiving a chemical treatment to induce NASH, and a DSS + PEM group receiving pemafibrate along with the induced diet.
- Results indicated that pemafibrate reduced liver fat, inflammation, fibrosis, and tumor formation in the NASH model, suggesting its potential as a treatment option.
Article Synopsis
- - The study focuses on creating a stable, low-mortality animal model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) using a choline-deficient, high-fat diet combined with dextran sulfate sodium treatment to better understand NASH progression and related liver tumors.
- - Results showed that mice in the CDHF+DSS group experienced weight differences and exhibited signs of inflammation and liver changes as revealed by abdominal ultrasonography, indicating a successful model for studying NASH.
- - This new NASH model allows for non-invasive monitoring of liver condition through ultrasound, potentially reducing the need for euthanizing animals during research and promoting better animal welfare practices.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of pemafibrate (PEM) in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients with dyslipidemia.
Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with PBC between June 2018 and December 31, 2020 were included in the study if they also had dyslipidemia and their alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels remained above the normal range despite taking 600 mg/day ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) for at least 6 months. Patients who were treated with UDCA alone were administered PEM as an add-on (PEM-add group), and patients who were treated with UDCA and bezafibrate (BEZ) for at least 6 months were given PEM instead of BEZ (PEM-switch group).
Article Synopsis
- A study conducted in six ICUs in Japan aimed to examine the prevalence and factors linked to physical restraint use among ICU patients, noting its ethical concerns.
- Out of 787 patient observations, physical restraint was used in 32.9% of cases, increasing to 41.5% in patients on invasive mechanical ventilation.
- Key factors associated with restraint use included age, severity of illness (measured by the APACHE II score), use of invasive devices, sedative medication, agitation, and delirium, highlighting the need for strategies to minimize restraint use in medical settings.
Article Synopsis
- A 43-year-old Japanese man with Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome (CCS) underwent surgery for gastric cancer that was not related to Helicobacter pylori infection.
- The tumor was identified as a low-grade, well-differentiated adenocarcinoma with specific cell markers indicating gastric origins.
- The case suggests that H. pylori infection isn't necessary for developing gastric cancer in patients with CCS, highlighting a need for further research on the cancer risks associated with CCS independent of H. pylori.
Carbacaprazamycins, which are chemically stable analogues of caprazamycins, were designed and synthesized. These analogues were active against drug-resistant bacterial pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and their activities were comparable to those of the parent caprazamycins. The effect of treatment with carbacaprazamycin on morphological changes in S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSimplification of caprazamycins, which are promising antibacterial nucleoside natural products, was conducted by scaffold-hopping of the structurally complex diazepanone moiety to the isoxazolidine scaffold. The designed isoxazolidine-containing uridine derivatives were synthesized by an intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of alkenyl nitrone as a key step. The lactone-fused isoxazolidine intermediate was easily converted to the target compounds by sequential introduction of key substituents upon ring-opening the lactone moiety by nucleophilic substitution and electrophilic capping of the resulting primary alcohol.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Gingival overgrowth is a common side-effect following administration of cyclosporin A. We reported previously that lysosomal protease cathepsin-L activity, but not cathepsin-B, was significantly suppressed by short-term cyclosporin A exposure in human gingival fibroblasts. Although this suppression may lead to decreased degradation of gingival connective tissue, a net increase in matrix proteins, and gingival overgrowth, the effects of cyclosporin A need to be more elucidated, considering the long-term use for patients following organ transplantation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- * The study explored the effects of the JNK inhibitor SP600125 on VEGF production in fibroblasts, finding that it significantly reduced VEGF levels triggered by interleukin (IL)-6.
- * While the known anti-angiogenic drug Cyclosporine A (CsA) also inhibited IL-6-induced VEGF production by affecting JNK, SP600125 demonstrated a stronger inhibitory effect compared to CsA.
Objective: Interferon (IFN) therapy has been used as antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C (CH-C); however, complete response to the therapy is observed in only about 30% of patients in Japan. Background factors involved in the responsiveness to IFN therapy, and progression to liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after IFN therapy have not yet been sufficiently investigated.
Methods: One hundred twenty-one patients with CH-C who received IFN therapy at Showa University Hospital between 1984 and 1999 were analyzed.