Polymethylmethacrylate Membrane Dialyzer: Historic but Modern.

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) hollow fiber membranes are one of the synthetic polymer hollow fiber membranes used to the hollow fiber artificial kidney. A PMMA hollow fiber membrane (PMMA membrane) has unique properties including the uniform structure and the adsorption property. Hemodialyzers using PMMA membranes, Filtryzer®, were approved in Japan in 1977 and have been used worldwide for over 40 years and so is a historical hemodialyzer.

Advanced glycation end product-modified beta2-microglobulin is a component of amyloid fibrils of primary localized cutaneous nodular amyloidosis.

Primary localized cutaneous nodular amyloidosis is a rare form of cutaneous amyloidosis. Amyloid fibrils in primary localized cutaneous nodular amyloidosis have been reported to be originated from immunoglobulin light chains. Immunohistochemical studies on the lesional skins of four patients with primary localized cutaneous nodular amyloidosis demonstrated that amyloid deposits of all cases showed a positive reaction with the antibodies for beta2-microglobulin and advanced glycation end products as well as immunoglobulin light chain (kappa or lambda).