[Case of spinal anesthesia for pyrolomyotomy in a former preterm infant with chronic lung disease].

A former premature infant (1,795 g) with chronic lung disease underwent pyrolomyotomy under spinal anesthesia. She had been managed with artificial ventilation for 2 months after birth and had developed chronic lung disease. She showed frequent apnea with desaturation several times per day and 21 x min(-1) of oxygen had been administered.

The effective time and concentration of nitrous oxide to reduce venipuncture pain in children.

Study Objective: To investigate the time of administration and concentration of inhaled nitrous oxide (N(2)O) needed to reduce the pain associated with intravenous (i.v.) cannulation in children.