Comparison of remimazolam and sevoflurane for general anesthesia during transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a randomized trial.

Purpose: Safe perioperative management of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is crucial. Remimazolam is a newly developed short-acting benzodiazepine. We hypothesized that combining remimazolam and flumazenil would reduce emergence time compared with sevoflurane in patients undergoing general anesthesia for TAVI.

Incidence, outcomes, and risk factors of postlaparoscopic subcutaneous emphysema: a historical cohort study.

Purpose: Subcutaneous emphysema is a common complication of laparoscopic surgery. We aimed to determine the incidence, outcomes, and risk factors of postlaparoscopic subcutaneous emphysema.

Methods: We conducted a single-centre historical cohort study of adult patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery at Kagoshima University Hospital between 1 April 2018 and 31 March 2021.

The inflammatory role of dysregulated IRS2 in pulmonary vascular remodeling under hypoxic conditions.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a devastating disease characterized by progressive elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular failure, and ultimately death. We have shown previously that insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2), a molecule highly critical to insulin resistance and metabolism, has an anti-inflammatory role in Th2-skewed lung inflammation and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that IRS2 has an immunomodulatory role in human and experimental PH.

Circulating histone H3 levels are increased in septic mice in a neutrophil-dependent manner: preclinical evaluation of a novel sandwich ELISA for histone H3.

Background: Nuclear histone proteins are released into the extracellular space during sepsis and act as major mediators of death. However, circulating histone levels have not been precisely quantified.

Methods: We developed a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of circulating histone H3 levels and evaluated its performance.

Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction: pathophysiology and management.

Sepsis is aggravated by an inappropriate immune response to invading microorganisms, which occasionally leads to multiple organ failure. Several lines of evidence suggest that the ventricular myocardium is depressed during sepsis with features of diastolic dysfunction. Potential candidates responsible for septic cardiomyopathy include pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), cytokines, and nitric oxide.

Non-invasive Monitoring of Hepatic Oxygenation Using Time-Resolved Spectroscopy.

Unlabelled: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether changes in hepatic oxygenation can be detected by time-resolved spectroscopy (TRS) placed on the skin surface above the liver.

Methods: With approval of the local Hospital Ethics Committee and informed consent, six healthy volunteers aged 28.8 (25-36) years, and five patients with chronic renal failure aged 70.

Recombinant thrombomodulin protects mice against histone-induced lethal thromboembolism.

Introduction: Recent studies have shown that histones, the chief protein component of chromatin, are released into the extracellular space during sepsis, trauma, and ischemia-reperfusion injury, and act as major mediators of the death of an organism. This study was designed to elucidate the cellular and molecular basis of histone-induced lethality and to assess the protective effects of recombinant thrombomodulin (rTM). rTM has been approved for the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in Japan, and is currently undergoing a phase III clinical trial in the United States.

MR and US imaging for breast cancer patients who underwent conservation surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: comparison of triple negative breast cancer and other intrinsic subtypes.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is commonly utilized to treat operable breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to review the findings of ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in patients treated with breast conservation surgery (BCS) after NAC with a focus on intrinsic subtypes.

Methods: Eighty-six patients underwent BCS after NAC.

Giant chondroid syringoma presenting as a growing subcutaneous mass in the upper arm: MRI findings with pathologic correlation.

Chondroid syringoma of skin is a rare type of soft tissue tumor originating from the sweat glands. We report a documented case of giant chondroid syringoma occurring in the upper arm, which developed over the course of one year. The radiographic, sonographic, MR imaging, gross pathologic, and histologic findings of the tumor are described.

Extension of breast cancer: comparison of CT and MRI.

Purpose: To compare three-dimensional (3D) helical CT with 3D MRI in the evaluation of intraductal spread of breast cancer.

Methods: Fifty patients with breast cancer were examined. Tumor size ranged from Tis to T2.