Influence of osmotic stress on thermal perception and thermoregulation in heat is different between sedentary and trained men.

Hyperosmolality in extracellular fluid in humans attenuates autonomic thermoregulation in heat, such as sweating and blood flow in the skin. However, exercise training minimizes the attenuation. The aim of the present study was to clarify the influence of hyperosmolality on thermal perception and to assess the training effect of exercise.

Interactions of mean body and local skin temperatures in the modulation of human forearm and calf blood flows: a three-dimensional description.

Aim: The inter-relationships between mean body and local skin temperatures have previously been established for controlling hand and foot blood flows. Since glabrous skin contains many arteriovenous anastomoses, it was important to repeat those experiments on non-glabrous regions using the same sample and experimental conditions.

Methods: Mild hypothermia (mean body temperature 31.

Effect of menstrual cycle on thermal perception and autonomic thermoregulatory responses during mild cold exposure.

We investigated the effects of menstrual cycle phase on thermal sensation, thermal pleasantness, and autonomic thermoregulatory responses during mild cold exposure. Eight healthy young women participated. Experiments were conducted in the follicular and luteal phases: 120 min exposure at 23.

Three-dimensional interactions of mean body and local skin temperatures in the control of hand and foot blood flows.

Purpose: Much is known about the control of blood flow, yet gaps remain concerning the interactions of deep-body and peripheral thermal feedback. In this experiment, changes in the vascular tone of the hands and feet were mapped to demonstrate the separate and combined influences of mean body and local skin temperature changes.

Methods: Eight males participated in three trials.

Revisiting ventilatory and cardiovascular predictions of whole-body metabolic rate.

Objective: The influence of variations in exercise mode, thermal state, and load carriage on cardiac and ventilatory predictors of metabolic rate were investigated.

Methods: Fifteen males were studied at rest and during whole-, upper-, and lower-body exercise (unloaded and loaded) under thermoneutral and hot conditions.

Results: Ventilatory predictions were superior in thermoneutral (residual mean square error range: 0.