Correlation of minimum inhibitory concentrations between human and animal antimicrobials against isolated from livestock.

We analyzed the correlation between minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobials used in humans and those used in animals to enable comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility between isolated from humans and those from animals. We compared the following pairs of MIC data: piperacillin (PIPC) to ampicillin (ABPC), amikacin (AMK) to kanamycin (KM), minocycline (MINO) to oxytetracycline (OTC), and levofloxacin (LVFX) to enrofloxacin (ERFX) using 103 isolates of from healthy livestock (cattle, pigs, broiler chickens, and layer chickens). Kappa analysis of the agreement for resistance and susceptibility between PIPC and ABPC, AMK and KM, MINO and OTC, and LVFX and ERFX showed almost perfect (κ = 0.

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Third-Generation-Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli Harboring the -Positive IncI1 Group, IncB/O/K/Z, and IncC Plasmids Isolated from Healthy Broilers in Japan.

The off-label use of third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) during vaccination or vaccination of newly hatched chicks has been a common practice worldwide. CMY-2-producing strains have been disseminated in broiler chicken production. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological linkage of -positive plasmids among broilers both within and outside Japan, because the grandparent stock and parent stock were imported into Japan.

A Japanese trial to monitor methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in imported swine during the quarantine period.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in imported swine during the quarantine period in Japan.

Methods: Nasal swabs from a total of 125 swine belonging to 15 lots (unit of import) from five countries were investigated for MRSA from July 2016 to February 2017. Two isolates per positive lot were chosen for multilocus sequence typing (MLST).

Pathogenic characterization of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Met-203 type SpaA strains from chronic and subacute swine erysipelas in Japan.

To characterize the Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Met-203 type surface protective antigen (Spa) A strains causing swine erysipelas in Japan, the nucleotide sequence of the hypervariable region of the spaA gene was determined in 80 E. rhusiopathiae (serotype 1a) isolates collected from pigs with chronic and subacute swine erysipelas in 14 prefectures in 2008-2014. In this study, 14 (17.

Development of a serology-based assay for efficacy evaluation of a lactococcicosis vaccine in Seriola fish.

Lactococcicosis is an infection caused by the bacterium Lactococcus garvieae and creates serious economic damage to cultured marine and fresh water fish industries. The use of the assay currently applied to evaluate the potency of the lactococcicosis vaccine is contingent upon meeting specific parameters after statistical analysis of the percent survival of the vaccinated yellowtail or greater amberjack fish after challenge with a virulent strain of L. garvieae.

Prevalence of Met-203 type spaA variant in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae isolates and the efficacy of swine erysipelas vaccines in Japan.

Since 2009, erysipelas infection among pigs in Japan has been increasing. This study investigated the prevalence, and characteristics of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae isolates in Japan from 2008 to 2010 and assessed the efficacy of current commercial erysipelas vaccines. Based on polymorphisms in a 432-bp hypervariable region in the surface protective antigen A (spaA) gene, 34 isolates were classified into three groups: (i) Group 1 with methionine at position 203 (Met-203) and isoleucine at position 257 (Ile-257) (18 isolates of serotype 1a and one untypable isolate).

Development of an in vitro assay based on humoral immunity for quality control of oil-adjuvant Pseudotuberculosis vaccine in Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata.

Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida is an infectious pathogen that causes Pseudotuberculosis in Yellowtail fish. In Japan, several oil-adjuvant vaccines for Pseudotuberculosis have been approved for control of infectious diseases in aquaculture.

Bovine whole-blood culture as a tool for the measurement of endotoxin activities in Gram-negative bacterial vaccines.

In order to analyze bovine immune reactions against the Gram-negative bacterial vaccine, bovine whole-blood culture was used to investigate the pro-inflammatory cytokine responses stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) extracted from Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. We also examined the interaction between LPS and aluminum hydroxide gel for endotoxin activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses of whole bovine blood. Alteration in the mRNA concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-10 in whole-blood culture at 4h after stimulation with different doses of LPS was observed and determined by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

National surveillance of Salmonella enterica in food-producing animals in Japan.

A total of 518 fecal samples collected from 183 apparently healthy cattle, 180 pigs and 155 broilers throughout Japan in 1999 were examined to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella. The isolation rates were 36.1% in broilers, 2.

[Present situation of national surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from farm animals in Japan and correspondence to the issue].

The Japanese Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (JVARM) was formed in 1999 in response to international concerns about the impact of antimicrobial resistance on public health. The aim of the present investigation was to provide insight into the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial strains isolated from cattle, swine and poultry on farms across Japan. In this paper, we summarize a nationwide investigation (1999-2003) on antimicrobial susceptibility of the targeted bacterial species for the JVARM, namely Salmonella, Campylobacter, Enterococcus and Escherichia coli, isolated from the feces of healthy domestic animals.