Flaxseed oil stimulates gynecomastia.

Flaxseed oil contains lignans, which exhibit anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic activities. A 70-year-old male patient presented to our office due to hyperlipidaemia and started to take a tablespoon of flaxseed oil daily. Three months later, he reported left breast swelling and pain.

CD204-positive macrophages accumulate in breast cancer tumors with high levels of infiltrating lymphocytes and programmed death ligand-1 expression.

Although immunotherapy has been demonstrated to be promising in triple-negative (TN) breast cancer (BC), most BC cases are classified as non-TN. To enrich the responders for immunotherapy regardless of their subtypes, classification based on tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) levels and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) status may be useful. However, this classification has not been fully applied to BC.

The defecation reflex in rats: fundamental properties and the reflex center.

While pharmacological and physiological studies in rats are now increasing, physiological properties of their defecation have been scarcely investigated. This study was performed to define the properties of defecation in decerebrate rats, with special reference to the pontine defecation reflex center, which has been postulated in dogs. Intraluminal pressure was recorded from the colon and rectum with balloon-pressure transducer method using balloons of 15-20 mm in length and 0.

Excitatory neurotoxic properties of pontamine sky blue make it a useful tool for examining the functions of focal brain parts.

Pontamine sky blue (PSB) is used in brain studies to mark the position of microelectrode and micropipette tips. However, few studies have been made on the effects of PSB on neurons; therefore we examined these effects. When puffed on isolated sensory ganglion cells of rats, PSB increased membrane conductance, depolarized membrane potential, and reduced the amplitude of action potentials.