Transplant renal vein thrombosis and stenosis were rescued by interventional radiology.

Introduction: Transplant renal vein thrombosis is a serious post-transplant complication. We report a case in which a thrombus was found in the transplant renal vein and rescued the transplanted kidney utilizing interventional radiology.

Case Presentation: A 56-year-old woman underwent ABO-compatible living donor renal transplantation due to impaired renal function caused by IgA nephropathy.

Peripheral Blood Absolute Lymphocyte Count as a Predictor of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Background: Cytomegalovirus viremia and infection have been reported to increase the risks for acute graft rejection and mortality in kidney transplant recipients. Previous studies demonstrated that a lower absolute lymphocyte count in peripheral blood is associated with cytomegalovirus infection. The aim of this study was to investigate whether absolute lymphocyte count could predict cytomegalovirus infection in kidney transplant recipients.

Booster effect of the third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in Japanese kidney transplant recipients.

The humoral response of kidney transplant recipients (KTR) to the mRNA vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is generally poor. We evaluated the booster effect of the third dose (D3) of two SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines 6 months after the second dose (D2) in Japanese KTR. The anti-spike (anti-S) antibody titer 1 and 3 months after the D3 was evaluated in 82 Japanese KTR.

Clinical and Pathological Significance of Mesangial C1q Deposition in Kidney Transplant Recipients with Recurrent IgA Nephropathy and Patients with Native IgA Nephropathy.

Introduction: In kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) whose primary disease is IgA nephropathy (IgAN), IgAN recurrence occurs in approximately half of patients by 5 years postoperatively and is associated with graft survival. Although the alternative and lectin pathways are important in the primary pathogenesis of IgAN, the significance of mesangial C1q deposition, which triggers the classical pathway, is unknown. We investigated the clinicopathological significance of mesangial C1q deposition in both recurrent IgAN in KTRs and native IgAN.

Early Recurrence of Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy after Kidney Transplantation in a Patient with Down Syndrome.

A 39-year-old male kidney transplant recipient with Down syndrome (DS) was admitted to our hospital for biopsy. He had proteinuria at age 9, was diagnosed with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) at age 22, had a tonsillectomy at age 35, and underwent ABO-compatible kidney transplantation (from his mother) at age 36. His serum creatinine was stable at 2.

Current Status and Perspectives on Recurrent IgA Nephropathy after Kidney Transplantation.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common form of glomerulonephritis worldwide. IgAN progresses to end-stage kidney disease in 20-40% of patients within 20 years of diagnosis. Kidney transplantation is the most effective option for patients with end-stage kidney disease caused by IgAN, but recurrence can occur in the transplanted kidney.

A Case of Hypokalemia Caused by Left Native Renal Artery Stenosis in a Kidney Transplant Recipient.

A 39-year-old woman with end-stage renal failure of unknown origin was on peritoneal dialysis for 10 years. One year ago, she underwent ABO-incompatible living-donor kidney transplantation from her husband. After the kidney transplantation, her serum creatinine level remained around 0.

Challenges Posed by the Banff Classification: Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Active T-Cell-Mediated Rejection.

The three primary sites of acute T-cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) in transplanted kidneys are the tubular epithelial cells, interstitium, and the vascular endothelial cells. The pathology of acute lesions is characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration; the final diagnosis suggested by the Banff 2019 classification is guided by grading of tubulitis (the t score), interstitial inflammation (the i score), and endarteritis (the v score). Consistent major issues when using the Banff classification are the etiological classifications of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA).

Long-Term Humoral Response After a Second Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine in Japanese Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Background: The mortality rate due to COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) is 16.8 to 32%. Vaccination against COVID-19 is expected to contribute to the prevention of infection, severe disease, and mortality; however, it has been reported that the humoral response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine in KTRs is poor.

CASE REPORT: Serial Cases of False-Positive Flow-Cytometry T Cell Crossmatch Associated With Anti-Blood Type Antibodies in Patients Undergoing ABO-Incompatible Kidney Transplantation.

Background: A positive flow-cytometry T cell crossmatch (FTXM) has important prognostic implications, even when the complement-dependent cytotoxicity crossmatch is negative. Recent studies have shown that ABO incompatibility is associated with positive FTXM, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood.

Cases: In five ABO blood type O recipients of kidneys from wives with type B, FTXM was positive but complement-dependent cytotoxicity crossmatch was negative.

Higher Soluble ACE2 Levels and Increased Risk of Infection-Related Hospitalization in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis.

Background: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) works as an endogenous counter-regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, which has pivotal roles in preventing both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and inflammation. In general populations, higher plasma soluble ACE2 levels were reported to be associated with increased risks of all-cause death and major CVD. Because infections are fatal in patients on maintenance hemodialysis, we aimed to explore whether soluble ACE2 levels are associated with an increased risk of infection-related hospitalization in these patients.

A Case of Transplant Nephrectomy due to Chronic Graft Intolerance Syndrome.

We report a case of graft intolerance syndrome in which transplant nephrectomy was performed 11 years after kidney transplantation. A 46-year-old man was admitted to our hospital in February 2018 with a mild fever, left lower abdominal pain, and gross hematuria with enlargement of the transplanted kidney. Urinary tract infection was ruled out.

Association Between Galactose-Deficient IgA1 Derived From the Tonsils and Recurrence of IgA Nephropathy in Patients Who Underwent Kidney Transplantation.

Recurrence of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in the transplanted kidney is associated with graft survival, but no specific treatment is available. Tonsillectomy (TE) reportedly arrests the progression of IgAN in the native kidney. Thus, we conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study to evaluate the effect of TE prior to IgAN recurrence.

Interstitial fibroblasts in donor kidneys predict late posttransplant anemia.

Background: Posttransplant anemia (PTA) is associated with the progression of kidney disease and mortality in kidney transplant recipients. Although the main causes of PTA are recipient factors, donor factors have not been fully investigated. In this study we investigated the association of donor pathological findings with the incidence of PTA in kidney transplant recipients after 3 years of transplantation.

Clinicopathological features and outcomes of kidney allografts in plasma cell-rich acute rejection: A case series.

Plasma cell-rich acute rejection (PCAR) is a rare type of acute rejection in renal transplantation. Despite aggressive immunotherapy, approximately 40-60% of patients develop graft loss within 1 year after an episode of PCAR. However, the reason for this outcome remains obscure.

Recurrence of native kidney disease after kidney transplantation.

The extent of recurrence of original kidney disease after kidney transplantation has been underestimated for several reasons. First, the duration of observation varies among studies. Second, the criteria used to schedule protocol and episode biopsies differ among institutions.

Antibody-mediated rejection due to anti-HLA-DQ antibody after pregnancy and delivery in a female kidney transplant recipient.

Herein, we report a case of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) due to anti-HLA-DQ antibody after pregnancy and delivery in a female kidney transplant recipient. A 34-year-old female recipient was admitted at 2 years after delivery for an examination of an elevated serum creatinine (S-Cr) level. The patient had received a living kidney transplantation from her mother at 22 years of age, and her kidney graft function was almost stable.

Successful treatment of recurrent immunoglobulin a nephropathy using steroid pulse therapy plus tonsillectomy 10 years after kidney transplantation: a case presentation.

Background: Both prevention and treatment of recurrent immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) in kidney transplant recipients are important since recurrent IgAN seems to affect long-term graft survival. We present here a case of recurrent IgAN that was successfully treated using steroid pulse therapy plus tonsillectomy 10 years after kidney transplantation.

Case Presentation: A 46-year-old male was admitted for an episode biopsy with a serum creatinine level of 1.

Successful treatment of myeloma cast nephropathy using bortezomib-based chemotherapy plus selective plasma exchange.

Myeloma cast nephropathy is a major complication of multiple myeloma. Recent evidence has demonstrated that the earlier induction of bortezomib-based chemotherapy with plasma exchange (PE) provides better results for kidney function and patient survival. Due to its non-selectivity, PE with albumin replacement carries the risk of fibrinogen loss, leading to bleeding.

Helicobacter cinaedi bacteremia with cellulitis in a living-donor kidney transplant recipient identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: a case report.

Background: Helicobacter cinaedi causes bacteremia and cellulitis, mainly in immunocompromised patients. We report a rare case of H. cinaedi bacteremia with cellulitis in a living-donor kidney transplant recipient identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).

Successful Treatment of Plasma Cell-Rich Acute Rejection Using Pulse Steroid Therapy Alone: A Case Report.

Despite the recent development of immunosuppressive agents, plasma cell-rich acute rejection (PCAR) has remained refractory to treatment. Herein, we report an unusual case of PCAR that responded well to pulse steroid therapy alone. A 47-year-old man was admitted for a protocol biopsy three months after kidney transplantation, with a stable serum creatinine level of 1.

The prognostic values of caveolin-1 immunoreactivity in peritubular capillaries in patients with kidney transplantation.

The low sensitivity of C4d immunoreactivity in peritubular capillaries (PTCs) hinders its use in the diagnosis of chronic active antibody-mediated rejection (CAAMR). C4d-negative CAAMR was defined in the 2013 Banff classification, which included the expression of endothelial-associated transcripts (ENDATs). We previously showed that the ENDAT caveolin-1 (CAV-1) is a distinct feature of CAAMR.

Recurrence and graft loss after renal transplantation in adults with IgA vasculitis.

Background: IgA vasculitis, a rare condition resulting in end-stage renal disease, is a small-vessel vasculitis that affects the kidney in 49-83 % of adults. The reported recurrence rate of IgA vasculitis in renal transplant recipients is 11.5-60 %, leading to graft loss in 0-50 % of these patients.

Successful treatment of recurrent Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis in a renal allograft with tonsillectomy and steroid pulse therapy.

We report a case of recurrent Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) treated successfully with a tonsillectomy and steroid pulse therapy in a kidney transplant patient. A 29-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for an episode biopsy; she had a serum creatinine (S-Cr) of 1.0 mg/dL and 1.

Rare case of nephrocalcinosis in the distal tubules caused by hereditary renal hypouricaemia 3 months after kidney transplantation.

We report a rare case of nephrocalcinosis caused by hereditary renal hypouricaemia 3 months after kidney transplantation. A 41-year-old man who underwent living-related kidney transplantation from his father was admitted to our hospital for a protocol biopsy; he had a serum creatinine (S-Cr) of 1.37 mg/dL and no proteinuria.