Immortalization of cells derived from domestic dogs through expressing mutant cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin D1, and telomerase reverse transcriptase.

Unlabelled: Dog is the first animal that was established as a close partner of human beings. Based on the vast genetic diversity and breeding, dogs exhibit unique genetic evolution and diversity from Chihuahua to St. Bernard.

[Usefulness of an anti-mouse cerebellar tissue-derived antigen antibody test in predicting immunotherapy efficacy in patients with idiopathic cerebellar ataxia].

Background: Autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (AICA) is a general term for diseases in which the cerebellum is damaged by an autoimmune mechanism. For the diagnosis of the AICA, anti-thyroid antibodies (anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody and anti-thyroglobulin antibody), anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies, and anti-gliadin antibodies are measured. Immunotherapy is known to be effective for AICA, but some patients with effective immunotherapy lack autoantibodies associated with cerebellar ataxia.

Calpain-1 C2L domain peptide protects mouse hippocampus-derived neuronal HT22 cells against glutamate-induced oxytosis.

Calpains are Ca-dependent cysteine proteases; their aberrant activation is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. The μ-calpain catalytic subunit, calpain-1, is located in the cytoplasm as well as in the mitochondria. Mitochondrial calpain-1 cleaves apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), leading to apoptotic cell death.