Palladium/Iron-Catalyzed Wacker-Type Oxidation of Aliphatic Terminal and Internal Alkenes Using O.

The Wacker-type oxidation of aliphatic terminal alkenes proceeds using a Pd/Fe catalyst system under mild reaction conditions using 1 atm O without other additives. The use of 1,2-dimethoxyethane/HO as a mixed solvent was effective. The slow addition of alkenes is also important for improving product yields.

Exploiting the Synergy between Concentrated Polymer Brushes and Laser Surface Texturing to Achieve Durable Superlubricity.

Friction continues to account for the bulk of energy losses in mechanical systems, with an estimated 23% of the world's total energy consumption used to overcome friction. Concentrated polymer brushes (CPBs) have recently attracted significant scientific and industrial attention, given their ability to achieve superlubricity (i.e.

Sexual difference in buccal morphology of the paternal mouthbrooding cardinalfish Apogon doederleini.

The buccal morphology was compared between the sexes of the cardinalfish Apogon doederleini, in which males provide mouthbrooding. The brood size increased proportionally with male buccal space, which increased with the fourth power of the standard length. In the breeding season, males had a larger buccal space than females, whereas there was no sexual difference in the non-breeding season, suggesting sexually different flexibility in the buccal morphology.