Self-administered mindfulness interventions reduce stress in a large, randomized controlled multi-site study.

Mindfulness witnessed a substantial popularity surge in the past decade, especially as digitally self-administered interventions became available at relatively low costs. Yet, it is uncertain whether they effectively help reduce stress. In a preregistered (OSF https://doi.

Skeletal muscle gene expression in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing calorie-restricted diet and recreational sports training - a randomized clinical trial.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a 12-week calorie-restricted diet and recreational sports training on gene expressions IL-15, ATROGIN-1 and MURF-1 in skeletal muscle of T2D patients.

Methods: Older adults with T2D (n = 39, 60 ± 6.0 years, BMI 33.

Executive summary: Elite women's football-Performance, recovery, diet, and health.

The present special issue of Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports focuses on performance, recovery, diet, and health in elite women's football. Beside this summary, an editorial, topic reviews, and original articles written by several of the most published authors in football research are presented. It is, for example, highlighted that there is a great gender inequality in football research in favor of men, especially within elite football populations.

Can Exercising and Eating Healthy Be Fun and Indulgent Instead of Boring and Depriving? Targeting Mindsets About the Process of Engaging in Healthy Behaviors.

This paper investigates mindsets about the process of health behaviors-the extent to which people associate physical activity and healthy eating with appealing (pleasurable, fun, indulgent) versus unappealing (unpleasant, boring, depriving) qualities-to promote greater engagement. Study 1 ( = 536) examined how mindsets about physical activity and healthy eating relate to current and future health behavior. Study 2 ( = 149) intervened in actual fitness classes to compare the effects of brief appeal-focused and health-focused interventions on mindsets about physical activity and class engagement.

Physical activity and adipokine levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A literature review and practical applications.

We review the effects of acute and long-term physical activity on adipokine levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Three electronic databases were searched. Studies made in animal models were excluded, while studies based on participants with and without T2D, and also studies with type 1 diabetes were included.

Effects of Small-Sided Soccer Games on Physical Fitness, Physiological Responses, and Health Indices in Untrained Individuals and Clinical Populations: A Systematic Review.

Background: Small-sided soccer games (SSSG) are a specific exercise regime with two small teams playing against each other on a relatively small pitch. There is evidence from original research that SSSG exposure provides performance and health benefits for untrained adults.

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to summarize recent evidence on the acute and long-term effects of SSSG on physical fitness, physiological responses, and health indices in healthy untrained individuals and clinical populations.

Development and initial validation of the Perceived Scarcity Scale.

Though socio-economic status (SES) partially explains the experience of stress and health outcomes, most research to date has relied on a small number of traditional indicators that fail to capture the full domain of socioeconomic factors. The recent reconceptualization of perceived scarcity is proposed as a subjective indicator of SES when attempting to predict both stress and health outcomes. Although a conceptualization of perceived scarcity has been advanced, a psychometrically sound scale is needed to assess the utility and scientific import of this concept.

Biomarkers of insulin action during single soccer sessions before and after a 12-week training period in type 2 diabetes patients on a caloric-restricted diet.

Background: We investigated the biomarkers of insulin action as well as changes in free fatty acids and lactate concentration after an acute soccer session pre and post training with caloric-restricted diet versus diet alone in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients.

Methods: Fifty-one middle-aged (61.1 ± 6.

Dietary protein and exercise for preservation of lean mass and perspectives on type 2 diabetes prevention.

Unlabelled: Sedentary lifestyle and aging favor the increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes and their comorbidities. The loss of lean body mass reduces muscle strength, resulting in impaired functional capacity and leading to increased risks of chronic diseases with advancing age. Besides aging, conditions such as inappetence, social isolation, and inadequate dietary intake cause the loss of lean body mass and increased abdominal fatty mass, resulting in sarcopenic obesity and predisposition to type 2 diabetes.

Progressive circuit resistance training improves inflammatory biomarkers and insulin resistance in obese men.

Background: Circuit resistance training (CRT) is a time-efficient exercise modality for improving skeletal muscle and cardiovascular fitness. But the beneficial role of CRT in obese individuals is still not well understood. This study explores the reducing effects of progressive CRT on inflammatory biomarkers and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese young men.

Effects of recreational football on women's fitness and health: adaptations and mechanisms.

The review describes the fitness and health effects of recreational football in women aged 18-65 years. The review documents that 2 × 1 h of recreational football training for 12-16 weeks causes marked improvements in maximal oxygen uptake (5-15%) and myocardial function in women. Moreover, mean arterial blood pressure was shown to decrease by 2-5 mmHg in normotensive women and 6-8 mmHg in hypertensive women.

Original Research: Effect of sprint and strength training on glucoregulatory hormones: Effect of advanced age.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of high-intensity sprint and strength training (HISST) on glucoregulatory hormones in young (20 years) and middle-aged (40 years) men. Thirty-six moderately trained men participated as volunteers in this study. After medical examination, eligible subjects were randomly assigned to one of four groups according to their age: a young training group (21.

Plyometric exercise combined with high-intensity interval training improves metabolic abnormalities in young obese females more so than interval training alone.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with the effects of 12 weeks of plyometric exercise combined with HIIT (P+HIIT) on anthropometric, biochemical, and physical fitness data in young obese females. Sixty-eight participants (age, 16.6 ± 1.

Body dissatisfaction and the wish for different silhouette is associated with higher adiposity and fat intake in female ballet dancers than male.

Background: It is known that behavioral disorders and altered food intake are linked to ballet dancers. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the body composition, dietetic profile, self-perceived body image and social desirability in professional ballet dancers.

Methods: This study was conducted from April to October 2010 in athletes screened for nutritional evaluation.

Carbohydrate beverages attenuate bone resorption markers in elite runners.

Objective: We evaluated the effects of carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation on markers of bone turnover in elite runners.

Design: Twenty-four male runners were randomly assigned to two groups--a CHO and a control (CON) group--using a double-blind design. The participants were submitted to an overload training program (days 1-8), followed by a high-intensity intermittent running protocol (10×800 m) on day 9.

"We're just targeted as the flock that has HIV": health care experiences of members of the house/ball culture.

The house/ball community is an understudied sub-group of young Black men who have sex with men and transgender persons in urban centers of the United States who affiliate in social structures called houses and gather at elaborate dance and performance events called balls. In Charlotte, North Carolina, 12 house/ball members were interviewed about their experiences with health care providers and their assessment of any barriers to care due to their affiliation with the rather clandestine house/ball sub-culture. Additionally, HIV-specific health care providers were interviewed, to assess their knowledge of the sub-culture.

Measuring families' perceptions of care across a health care system: preliminary experience with the Family Assessment of Treatment at End of Life Short form (FATE-S).

Context: Because the Family Evaluation of Treatment at End of Life (FATE) survey was too long for routine use in the Veterans Administration (VA) health care system to measure quality of care, a shorter instrument was developed.

Objectives: To evaluate the short version of the FATE survey for use as a nationwide quality measure in the VA health care system.

Methods: Fifty-one VA medical centers, including acute and long-term care, participated in this nationwide telephone survey.

Short-term nutritional counseling reduces body mass index, waist circumference, triceps skinfold and triglycerides in women with metabolic syndrome.

Background: It is recognized that the growing epidemic of metabolic syndrome is related to dietary and lifestyle changes.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate short-term application of nutritional counseling in women with metabolic syndrome.

Methods: This follow-up study was conducted from September to November 2008 with thirty three women > or =35 years old screened clinically for nutritional counseling.

Effects of carbohydrate supplementation on competitive runners undergoing overload training followed by a session of intermittent exercise.

This study evaluated the effects of a micro cycle of overload training (1st-8th day) on metabolic and hormonal responses in male runners with or without carbohydrate supplementation and investigated the cumulative effects of this period on a session of intermittent high-intensity running and maximum-performance-test (9th day). The participants were 24 male runners divided into two groups, receiving 61% of their energy intake as CHO (carbohydrate-group) and 54% in the control-group (CON). The testosterone was higher for the CHO than the CON group after the overload training (694.

Effects of acute carbohydrate supplementation during sessions of high-intensity intermittent exercise.

The present study evaluated the acute effects of carbohydrate supplementation on heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), metabolic and hormonal responses during and after sessions of high-intensity intermittent running exercise. Fifteen endurance runners (26 +/- 5 years, 64.5 +/- 4.