Tranexamic acid stops hyperfibrinolysis in dogs with hemorrhagic shock: a randomized, controlled clinical trial.

Objective: To determine the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) on clot hyperfibrinolysis (HF), defined as excessive clot lysis at 30 minutes (LY30%), with rapid thromboelastography (rTEG) or rTEG samples spiked with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA-stressed rTEG), in dogs with hemorrhagic shock.

Methods: Prospective blinded clinical trial at 2 teaching hospitals, March 16, 2018, to May 20, 2022. Twenty-five dogs with hemorrhagic shock and HF were treated with standard care plus either TXA (20 mg/kg; TXA group) or saline (SAL group) over 20 minutes followed by an infusion of the same dose over 8 hours.

Characterization of a canine freeze-dried platelet-derived hemostatic agent: A preclinical model for surgical and traumatic hemorrhage.

Introduction: A freeze-dried, platelet-derived hemostatic agent (FPH) was developed for acute hemorrhage. The canine product (cFPH) was developed for use in preclinical models supporting human product (hFPH) investigations.

Materials And Methods: A carotid artery bypass graft (CABG) study in dogs compared 3 dosages of cFPH to canine liquid stored platelets (cLSP) and vehicle (VEH) control groups.

The Effects of Health Disparities on Neonatal Outcomes.

The history of racism in the United States was established with slavery, and the carry-over effect continues to impact health care through structural and institutional racism. Racial segregation and redlining have impacted access to quality health care, thereby impacting prematurity and infant mortality rates. Health disparities also impact neonatal morbidities such as intraventricular hemorrhage and necrotizing enterocolitis and the family care experience including the establishment of breastfeeding and health care provider interactions.

Nucleus accumbens local circuit for cue-dependent aversive learning.

Response to threatening environmental stimuli requires detection and encoding of important environmental features that dictate threat. Aversive events are highly salient, which promotes associative learning about stimuli that signal this threat. The nucleus accumbens is uniquely positioned to process this salient, aversive information and promote motivated output, through plasticity on the major projection neurons in the brain area.

Enzyme-Mediated Nerve Growth Factor Release from Nanofibers Using Gelatin Microspheres.

Spinal cord injury is a complex environment, with many conflicting growth factors present at different times throughout the injury timeline. Delivery of multiple growth factors has received mixed results, highlighting a need to consider the timing of delivery for possibly antagonistic growth factors. Cell-mediated degradation of delivery vehicles for delayed release of growth factors offers an attractive way to exploit the highly active immune response in the spinal cord injury environment.

Nucleus Accumbens Local Circuit for Cue-Dependent Aversive Learning.

Response to threatening environmental stimuli requires detection and encoding of important environmental features that dictate threat. Aversive events are highly salient which promotes associative learning about stimuli that signal this threat. The nucleus accumbens is uniquely positioned to process this salient, aversive information and promote motivated output, through plasticity on the major projection neurons in the brain area.

Dermal Sensory Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface for Reestablishing Sensory Nerve Feedback in Peripheral Afferents in the Rat.

Background: Without meaningful, intuitive sensory feedback, even the most advanced myoelectric devices require significant cognitive demand to control. The dermal sensory regenerative peripheral nerve interface (DS-RPNI) is a biological interface designed to establish high-fidelity sensory feedback from prosthetic limbs.

Methods: DS-RPNIs were constructed in rats by securing fascicles of residual sensory peripheral nerves into autologous dermal grafts, with the objectives of confirming regeneration of sensory afferents within DS-RPNIs and establishing the reliability of afferent neural response generation with either mechanical or electrical stimulation.

Healthcare Equity and Leadership: Implementation of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Training for Pharmacy Residents.

BackgroundPharmacy training programs infrequently include formal training in the areas of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). Hence, the purpose of this report is to offer perspectives gained from the delivery of a DEI curriculum within a pharmacy residency program aimed at expanding experiential learning focused on DEI and health equity. Pharmacy residents at an academic medical center were invited to participate in a longitudinal DEI/equity seminar series that was thoughtfully and strategically developed by a team of residents and program leadership based on a six-step process.

Multi-center matched cohort study of convalescent plasma for hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Background: Although frequently used in the early pandemic, data on the effectiveness of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) remain mixed. We investigated the effectiveness and safety of CCP in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in real-world practices during the first two waves of the pandemic in a multi-hospital healthcare system in Texas.

Methods And Findings: Among 11,322 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection from July 1, 2020 to April 15, 2021, we included patients who received CCP and matched them with those who did not receive CCP within ±2 days of the transfusion date across sites within strata of sex, age groups, days and use of dexamethasone from hospital admission to the match date, and oxygen requirements 4-12 hours prior to the match date.

2022 Update of the Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics and Thrombolytics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE) Domain 6: Defining rational use of thrombolytics.

Objectives: To systematically review available evidence and establish guidelines related to the use of thrombolytics for the management of small animals with suspected or confirmed thrombosis.

Design: PICO (Population, Intervention, Control, and Outcome) questions were formulated, and worksheets completed as part of a standardized and systematic literature evaluation. The population of interest included dogs and cats (considered separately) and arterial and venous thrombosis.

Increasing Vitamin B12 Screening Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Long-Term Metformin Therapy.

Quality Improvement Success Stories are published by the American Diabetes Association in collaboration with the American College of Physicians and the National Diabetes Education Program. This series is intended to highlight best practices and strategies from programs and clinics that have successfully improved the quality of care for people with diabetes or related conditions. Each article in the series is reviewed and follows a standard format developed by the editors of .

Focused Ultrasound of Vascular System in Dogs and Cats-Thromboembolic Disease.

In small animals, point-of-care ultrasound can be used by nonradiologist sonographers to identify thrombosis at several anatomic sites. Dogs and cats are well-suited for vascular interrogation using ultrasound because of their small body size. Ultrasound can be used to investigate targeted vessels based on clinical signs.

Lessons Learned From the Battlefield and Applicability to Veterinary Medicine - Part 2: Transfusion Advances.

Since the inception of recent conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, transfusion practices in human military medicine have advanced considerably. Today, US military physicians recognize the need to replace the functionality of lost blood in traumatic hemorrhagic shock and whole blood is now the trauma resuscitation product of choice on the battlefield. Building on wartime experiences, military medicine is now one of the country's strongest advocates for the principle of hemostatic resuscitation using whole blood or balanced blood components as the primary means of resuscitation as early as possibly following severe trauma.

Regenerative peripheral nerve interface free muscle graft mass and function.

Background: Regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces (RPNIs) transduce neural signals to provide high-fidelity control of neuroprosthetic devices. Traditionally, rat RPNIs are constructed with ~150 mg of free skeletal muscle grafts. It is unknown whether larger free muscle grafts allow RPNIs to transduce greater signal.

Mechanical, topographical and chemical cues combined with physical therapy for peripheral nerve injuries.

The aim of this paper is to evaluate biomaterial cues combined with physical therapy (PT) on functional recovery in a rat sciatic nerve injury model. Nerve growth conduits were filled with longitudinally aligned hyaluronic acid fibers and microspheres containing neurotrophic factor (growth factor [GF]). All animals received behavior and functional testing throughout the study, which concluded with measurement of compound muscle action potentials and contractile force of the gastrocnemius muscle.

Heparin-hyaluronic acid nanofibers for growth factor sequestration in spinal cord repair.

Growth factor (GF) delivery is a common strategy for spinal cord injury repair, however, GF degradation can impede long-term therapies. GF sequestration via heparin is known to protect bioactivity after delivery. We tested two heparin modifications, methacrylated heparin and thiolated heparin, and electrospun these with methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA) to form HepMAHA and HepSHHA nanofibers.

In Vitro Compatibility of Canine and Human Blood: A Pilot Study.

Military working dogs (MWDs) are force multipliers that are exposed to the same risks as their human counterparts on the battlefield. Hemostatic resuscitation using blood products is a cornerstone of damage control resuscitation protocols for both humans and dogs. Canine-specific blood products are in short supply in mature theaters due to logistic and regulatory concerns and are almost nonexistent in austere environments, whereas human blood products are readily available at most surgical facilities.

Building capacity for injury prevention: a process evaluation of a replication of the Cardiff Violence Prevention Programme in the Southeastern USA.

Objectives: Violence is a major public health problem in the USA. In 2016, more than 1.6 million assault-related injuries were treated in US emergency departments (EDs).

A pilot study documenting increased thrombin generation following abrupt withdrawal of heparin therapy in healthy dogs.

Objective: To document if a transient hypercoagulable state occurs in healthy dogs following abrupt cessation of unfractionated heparin (UFH) therapy.

Design: Prospective experimental pilot study.

Setting: University research facility.

Peli1 facilitates virus replication and promotes neuroinflammation during West Nile virus infection.

The E3 ubiquitin ligase Pellino 1 (Peli1) is a microglia-specific mediator of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Its role in neurotropic flavivirus infection is largely unknown. Here, we report that mice deficient in Peli1 (Peli1-/-) were more resistant to lethal West Nile virus (WNV) infection and exhibited reduced viral loads in tissues and attenuated brain inflammation.

Ability of crime, demographic and business data to forecast areas of increased violence.

Identifying geographic areas and time periods of increased violence is of considerable importance in prevention planning. This study compared the performance of multiple data sources to prospectively forecast areas of increased interpersonal violence. We used 2011-2014 data from a large metropolitan county on interpersonal violence (homicide, assault, rape and robbery) and forecasted violence at the level of census block-groups and over a one-month moving time window.

Pediatric falls ages 0-4: understanding demographics, mechanisms, and injury severities.

Background: Pediatric unintentional falls are the leading cause of injury-related emergency visits for children < 5 years old. The purpose of this study was to identify population characteristics, injury mechanisms, and injury severities and patterns among children < 5 years to better inform age-appropriate falls prevention strategies.

Methods: This retrospective database study used trauma registry data from the lead pediatric trauma system in Georgia.

The effect of edge compliance on the contact between a spherical indenter and a high-aspect-ratio rectangular fin.

In the last two decades, significant progress has been made on developing new nanoscale mechanical property measurement techniques including instrumented indentation and atomic force microscopy based techniques. The changes in the tip-sample contact mechanics during measurements uniquely modify the displacement and force sensed by a measurement sensor and much effort is dedicated to correctly retrieve the sample mechanical properties from the measured signal. It turns out that in many cases, for the sake of simplicity, a simple contact mechanics model is adopted by overlooking the complexity of the actual contact geometry.