Non-Coding RNAs and Innate Immune Responses in Cancer.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and the innate immune system are closely related, acting as defense mechanisms and regulating gene expression and innate immunity. Both are modulators in the initiation, development and progression of cancer. We aimed to review the major types of ncRNAs, including small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), with a focus on cancer, innate immunity, and inflammation.

Veillonella and Bacteroides are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus exposure and gut microbiota immaturity.

Background: Dysbiosis during childhood impacts the configuration and maturation of the microbiota. The immaturity of the infant microbiota is linked with the development of inflammatory, allergic, and dysmetabolic diseases.

Aims: To identify taxonomic changes associated with age and GDM and classify the maturity of the intestinal microbiota of children of mothers with GDM and children without GDM (n-GDM).

The influence of hydrogen ions on coagulation in traumatic brain injury, explored by molecular dynamics.

: Patients in intensive care units with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) frequently present acid-base abnormalities and coagulability disorders, which complicate their condition.: To identify protonation through simulations of molecules involved in the process of coagulation in standard laboratory tests.: Ten patients with TBI were selected from the intensive care unit in addition to ten "healthy control subjects", and another nine patients as "disease control subjects"; the latter being a comparative group, corresponding to subjects with diabetes mellitus 2 (DM2).

Fiber Optic Sensors: A Review for Glucose Measurement.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder, being globally one of the most deadly diseases. This disease requires continually monitoring of the body's glucose levels. There are different types of sensors for measuring glucose, most of them invasive to the patient.

Obesity subtypes, related biomarkers & heterogeneity.

Obesity is a serious medical condition worldwide, which needs new approaches and recognized international consensus in treating diseases leading to morbidity. The aim of this review was to examine heterogeneous links among the various phenotypes of obesity in adults. Proteins and associated genes in each group were analysed to differentiate between biomarkers.

A preliminary study of platelet hyperactivity in the chronic indeterminate phase of Chagas' disease.

The chronic indeterminate phase of Chagas' disease is asymptomatic despite positive test results for antibodies specific to Trypanosoma cruzi. CD62P-APC (P-selectin) and PAC-1 FITC (GpIIb/IIIa) may improve diagnosis as biomarkers of platelet activity. Nine asymptomatic seropositive subjects, previously untreated, were selected from a blood bank within a year of Chagas' disease detection, in addition to a control group of four.

Platelets and Platelet-Derived Microvesicles as Immune Effectors in Type 2 Diabetes.

The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and systemic inflammation may increase platelet reactivity and the accelerated development of vascular disease. Platelets are able to modulate the function of immune cells via the direct release of growth factors and pro-inflammatory chemokines through the production of microvesicles. The microvesicles trigger a transcellular delivery system of bioactive molecules to other cells acting as vectors in the exchange of biological information.

Purification and Partial Characterization of β-Glucosidase in Chayote (Sechium edule).

β-Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.

Ethnicity and conflict: theory and facts.

Over the second half of the 20th century, conflicts within national boundaries became increasingly dominant. One-third of all countries experienced civil conflict. Many (if not most) such conflicts involved violence along ethnic lines.

Color of meconium and interleukin-6.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the color of meconial fluid is associated with inflammatory biomarkers, by determining C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum from the umbilical cord.

Methods: In this prospective study, the authors selected 30 newborns with meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF): 14 with green/brown 656 R color and 16 with brown/cinnamon 654 R color, and 20 newborns which showed clear amniotic fluid without MSAF (non-MSAF); all newborns were from mothers without risk factors for neonatal sepsis.

Results: IL-6 concentration from umbilical cord blood, [median of 12.

Lectin activity of the coagulation factor VIII/von Willebrand complex.

The human coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) is essential in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation and circulates mainly as a non-covalently bound complex with the von Willebrand factor (VWF). This complex (FVIII/VWF) protects FVIII from degradation and cellular uptake, although no biological role has been identified yet for this complex. The FVIII/VWF complex was purified from a healthy donor's plasma by affinity chromatography on a Sepharose 4B-Concanavalin A column and was used to determine its capability to interact with erythrocytes and platelets.

Defective thyroidal iodine concentration in protein-calorie malnutrition.

Although protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) is known to result in various abnormalities of thyroid function, the exact relationship between the two is not clearly understood. Therefore, the thyroid function of 10 men, 13-55 yr of age, with severe PCM was studied in a clinical research ward before and 3-4 months after protein-calorie repletion. Before repletion, all subjects had low serum T4 (mean +/- SEM, 5.

Intestinal function and morphology in strongyloidiasis.

Divergent available information on the capability of Strongyloides stercoralis to cause malabsorption prompted a long-term observation in which the nutritional state of the subjects was carefully defined. In spite of moderate to severe symptoms, well nourished patients, even with segmental jejunitis, did not show malabsorption. All patients presenting this parasitic infection with concomitant malnutrition showed absorptive defects.

Enterobacteriaceae in the jejunal microflora prevalence and relationship to biochemical and histological evaluations in healthy Colombian men.

When 23 healthy native Southwestern Colombian men were studied to determine the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae in the jejunal microflora in a sample of thoroughly evaluated tropical inhabitants who were normal by physical examination, chest x-ray, and medical history, 14 of the 23 proved to be Enterobacteriaceae-positive, with counts of 10(3) to 10(9) per milliliter of jejunal aspirate. Thirteen had Escherichia coli, and the fourteenth had Klebsiella pneumoniae. Four had a second species of Enterobacteriaceae associated with E.

Enteropathy in adult protein malnutrition: ultrastructural findings.

As part of a comprehensive study in adult patients with severe primary protein malnutrition, jejunal ultrastructural studies have been performed in nine adults in the malnourished state. Malnutrition was severe in all. D-Xylose malabsorption and abnormal fecal fat excretion were present in most.

Enteropathy in adult protein malnutrition: light microscopic findings.

Light microscopy evaluation of the intestinal abnormalities seen in 35 severely malnourished adults revealed changes which are common to other well-documented enteropathies. These included shortening, widening and fusion of the villi, lost convolution of the nuclear line, and diminished epithelial cell height. With Masson's trichrome stain, dense material was seen to have accumulated in a subepthelial location in villi (as described in other enteropathies), in crypts, and perivascularly around the capillaries of the lamina propria.

Enteropathy in adult protein malnutrition: a review of the Cali experience.

Since 1964, 41 patients with strictly defined, severe primary (dietetic) protein malnutrition have been studied under metabolic ward conditions during prolonged periods, initially on a low (20 g) and later on a high (100 g) protein diet. Clinical, nutritional, hematological, intestinal absorptive and histological studies were performed in the malnourished state, during and after protein repletion. Classical signs and symptoms of malnutrition, lasting for at least 4 months, were present in most patients.