Enophthalmos: Historical Perspective on Definitions, Measurement Devices, and Clinical Significance.

Assessing enophthalmos is critical in facial trauma patients, and there are many ways to do so. We have reviewed the various devices for measuring enophthalmos over the last 155 years. Knowing the benefits and drawbacks of each instrument is important in obtaining accurate results and interpreting them.

Dissociation of Attentional State and Behavioral Outcome Using Local Field Potentials.

Successful behavior depends on the attentional state and other factors related to decision-making, which may modulate neuronal activity differently. Here, we investigated whether attentional state and behavioral outcome (i.e.

BAL Fluid Cellular Analysis and Radiologic Patterns in Patients With Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease.

Background: BAL cellular analysis is often recommended during the initial diagnostic evaluation of fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD). Despite recommendation for its use, between-center heterogeneity exists and supportive data concerning the clinical utility and correlation of BAL findings with radiologic features or patterns remain sparse.

Research Question: In patients with fibrotic ILD, are BAL findings associated with radiologic features, patterns, and clinical diagnoses?

Study Design And Methods: Patients with fibrotic ILD who underwent BAL for diagnostic evaluation and who were enrolled in the prospective Canadian Registry for Pulmonary Fibrosis were re-reviewed in a standardized multidisciplinary discussion (MDD).

Mode of delivery predicts postpartum maternal leukocyte telomere length.

Background: Recent studies have suggested that pregnancy accelerates biologic aging, yet little is known about how biomarkers of aging are affected by events during the peripartum period. Given that immune shifts are known to occur following surgery, we explored the relation between mode of delivery and postpartum maternal leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a marker of biologic aging.

Study Design: Postpartum maternal blood samples were obtained from a prospective cohort of term, singleton livebirths without hypertensive disorders or peripartum infections between 2012 and 2018.

Virtual simulation training for postpartum hemorrhage in low-to-moderate-volume hospitals in the US.

Background: Maternal mortality in the United States is rising and many deaths are preventable. Emergencies, such as postpartum hemorrhage, occur less frequently in non-teaching, rural, and urban low-birth volume hospitals. There is an urgent need for accessible, evidence-based, and sustainable inter-professional education that creates the opportunity for clinical teams to practice their response to rare, but potentially devastating events.

Increased Risk of Preterm Delivery Subtypes and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in First Deliveries of Patients With Systemic Vasculitis.

Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the risk of preterm birth subtypes and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in patients with systemic vasculitis using large, statewide databases.

Methods: Births to nulliparous patients with prevalent systemic vasculitides (Takayasu arteritis [TAK], Behçet disease [BD], antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis [AAV], and Kawasaki disease [KD]) were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes in linked administrative data and birth records from the California Department of Health Care Access and Information and California Vital Statistics from 1991 to 2012. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and preterm delivery (PTD) subtypes were identified.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Cervical Insufficiency, Cervical Cerclage, and Preterm Birth.

The frequency of cervical insufficiency differs among the major racial and ethnic groups, with limited data specific to Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (AANHPI) subpopulations. We assessed cervical insufficiency diagnoses and related outcomes across 10 racial and ethnic groups, including disaggregated AANHPI subgroups, in a large population-based cohort. We performed a retrospective cohort study of all singleton births between 20-42 weeks' gestation in California from 2007 to 2018.

Vascular health years after a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy: The EPOCH study.

Background: Preeclampsia is associated with a two-fold increase in a woman's lifetime risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), but the reasons for this association are uncertain. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between vascular health and a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy among women ≥ 2 years postpartum.

Methods: Pre-menopausal women with a history of either a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (cases: preeclampsia or gestational hypertension) or a normotensive pregnancy (controls) were enrolled.

Identifying clinical phenotypes of frontotemporal dementia in post-9/11 era veterans using natural language processing.

Introduction: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) encompasses a clinically and pathologically diverse group of neurodegenerative disorders, yet little work has quantified the unique phenotypic clinical presentations of FTD among post-9/11 era veterans. To identify phenotypes of FTD using natural language processing (NLP) aided medical chart reviews of post-9/11 era U.S.

The association of pain impact and sleep disruption with opioid withdrawal during opioid-use disorder treatment.

Aims: Persons with opioid-use disorder (OUD) often experience opioid withdrawal and opioid craving, which can drive continued opioid use and treatment discontinuation. In addition, hyperalgesia is common among persons with OUD, yet few studies have examined the role of pain impact during OUD treatment. The purpose of the present study was to test whether opioid withdrawal and craving were elevated in the context of greater pain impact (i.

Lung imaging patterns in connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease impact prognosis and immunosuppression response.

Objectives: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) in CTDs has highly variable morphology. We aimed to identify imaging features and their impact on ILD progression, mortality, and immunosuppression response.

Methods: Patients with CTD-ILD had high-resolution chest CT (HRCT) reviewed by expert radiologists blinded to clinical data for overall imaging pattern [usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP); non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP); organizing pneumonia (OP); fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (fHP); and other].

Serological surveillance of parasitic zoonoses in 13 highlands regions of Peru: Period 2016-2019.

Objectives.: Motivation for the study. To understand the characteristics and distribution of the main parasitic zoonoses in Peru and to generate data for decision making in surveillance, prevention and control.

Dementia and Hip Fractures: A Comprehensive Review of Management Approaches.

» The elderly population is the fastest growing demographic, and the number of dementia cases in the United States is expected to double to 10 million by 2050.» Patients with dementia are at 3× higher risk of hip fractures and have higher morbidity and mortality after hip fractures.» Hip fracture patients with dementia benefit from early analgesia and timely surgical fixation of fracture.

Direct interhemispheric cortical communication via thalamic commissures: a new white matter pathway in the primate brain.

Cortical neurons of eutherian mammals project to the contralateral hemisphere, crossing the midline primarily via the corpus callosum and the anterior, posterior, and hippocampal commissures. We recently reported and named the thalamic commissures (TCs) as an additional interhemispheric axonal fiber pathway connecting the cortex to the contralateral thalamus in the rodent brain. Here, we demonstrate that TCs also exist in primates and characterize the connectivity of these pathways with high-resolution diffusion-weighted MRI, viral axonal tracing, and fMRI.

Castration promotes the browning of the prostate tumor microenvironment.

Background: Adipose tissue has gained attention due to its potential paracrine role. Periprostatic adipose tissue surrounds the prostate and the prostatic urethra, and it is an essential player in prostate cancer progression. Since obesity is directly related to human tumor progression, and adipose tissue depots are one of the significant components of the tumor microenvironment, the molecular mediators of the communication between adipocytes and epithelial cells are in the spotlight.

The perceptual consequences and neurophysiology of eye blinks.

A hand passing in front of a camera produces a large and obvious disruption of a video. Yet the closure of the eyelid during a blink, which lasts for hundreds of milliseconds and occurs thousands of times per day, typically goes unnoticed. What are the neural mechanisms that mediate our uninterrupted visual experience despite frequent occlusion of the eyes? Here, we review the existing literature on the neurophysiology, perceptual consequences, and behavioral dynamics of blinks.

Dissociation of attentional state and behavioral outcome using local field potentials.

Successful behavior depends on attentional state and other factors related to decision-making, which may modulate neuronal activity differently. Here, we investigated whether attentional state and behavioral outcome (i.e.

The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Early Lung Imaging Confederation Open-Source Deep Learning and Quantitative Measurement Initiative.

Introduction: With global adoption of computed tomography (CT) lung cancer screening, there is increasing interest to use artificial intelligence (AI) deep learning methods to improve the clinical management process. To enable AI research using an open-source, cloud-based, globally distributed, screening CT imaging data set and computational environment that are compliant with the most stringent international privacy regulations that also protect the intellectual properties of researchers, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer sponsored development of the Early Lung Imaging Confederation (ELIC) resource in 2018. The objective of this report is to describe the updated capabilities of ELIC and illustrate how this resource can be used for clinically relevant AI research.

Integration and Application of Radiologic Patterns From Clinical Practice Guidelines on Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Fibrotic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis.

Background: Clinical practice guidelines separately describe radiologic patterns of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (fHP), without direction on whether or how to apply these approaches concurrently within a single patient.

Research Question: How can we integrate guideline-defined radiologic patterns to diagnose interstitial lung disease (ILD) and what are the pitfalls associated with described patterns that require reassessment in future guidelines?

Study Design And Methods: Patients from the Canadian Registry for Pulmonary Fibrosis underwent detailed reevaluation in standardized multidisciplinary discussion. CT scan features were quantified by chest radiologists masked to clinical data, and guideline-defined patterns were assigned.

Comorbidity and polypharmacy impact neurobehavioral symptoms and symptom validity failure among post-9/11 veterans with mild traumatic brain injury.

Objective: The study aimed to examine the association between post-concussive comorbidity burdens [post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and/or headache] and central nervous system (CNS) polypharmacy (five or more concurrent medications) with reported neurobehavioral symptoms and symptom validity screening among post-9/11 veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Setting: Administrative medical record data from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) were used in the study.

Participants: Post-9/11 veterans with mTBI and at least 2 years of VA care between 2001 and 2019 who had completed the comprehensive traumatic brain injury evaluation (CTBIE) were included in the study.