Durable Anti-Vi IgG and IgA Antibody Responses in 15-Month-Old Children Vaccinated With Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine in Burkina Faso.

We assessed anti-Vi IgG/IgA responses to typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) in children enrolled in a double-blind randomized controlled, phase 2 trial in Burkina Faso. Anti-Vi IgG seroconversion and anti-Vi IgA titers were higher in TCV than control recipients at 30-35 months post-vaccination. TCV induces durable immunity in Burkinabe children vaccinated at 15 months.

The Effect of COVID-19 National Lockdown on the Time from Presentation to Surgery of Patients with Suspected Cauda Equina Syndrome: Two UK Tertiary Centers' Study.

Objective: To investigate if COVID-19 UK lockdown measures resulted in a delay in the presentation and treatment of patients with cauda equina syndrome (CES).

Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective study of patients with surgically treated CES across 3 time periods: April-May 2020 (first lockdown), August-September 2020 (no-lockdown group), and January-February 2021 (second lockdown). Data regarding duration of symptoms, time from referral to admission, time from admission to surgery, and postoperative outcomes were collected.

Acute subdural haematoma in the elderly: to operate or not to operate? A systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes following surgery.

Objectives: Acute subdural haematoma (ASDH) is a devastating pathology commonly found on CT brain scans of patients with traumatic brain injury. The role of surgical intervention in the elderly has been increasingly questioned due to its associated morbidity and mortality. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to quantify the mortality and functional outcomes associated with surgical management of ASDH in the elderly was performed.

Results of revision knee replacement for patients with isolated fixed flexion deformity after primary or revision knee replacement.

Background: Postoperative fixed flexion deformity is a known complication of knee replacement surgery. We present our results of revision surgery for treatment of isolated fixed flexion deformity after knee replacement.

Methods: 32 patients had revision knee replacement for fixed flexion deformity and were included in this retrospective study.

Management of neurotrauma during COVID-19: a single centre experience and lessons for the future.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is amongst the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The unprecedented emergence of COVID-19 has mandated neurosurgeons to limit viral spread and spare hospital resources whilst trying to adapt management plans for TBI. We aimed to characterize how this affects decision-making on TBI management and drive strategies to cope with future expected waves.

Risk factors for incident delirium among urological patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis with GRADE summary of findings.

Background: Post-operative delirium is an important, yet under-researched complication of surgery. Patients undergoing urological surgery may be at especially high risk of POD, as they are often older, and interventions can be associated with conditions that trigger delirium. The main aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the available evidence for risk factors in this patient group.

Experiences of adult patients in discharge and recovery from day surgery: a qualitative systematic review protocol.

The objective of this review is to critically appraise and synthesize the evidence on experiences of adult patients in discharge and recovery after day surgery.

Successful thrombolytic therapy for recurrent right ventricular thrombosis in Behçet's disease.

Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory multisystem disorder characterised by recurrent oral and genital aphtosis and ocular involvement. Thrombophlebitis and major vessel thrombosis are common manifestations of vascular involvement in BD patients, whereas intracardiac thrombosis is extremely rare. We describe a 22-year-old woman who presented with deep vein thrombosis and recurrent right ventricular thrombosis complicated by pulmonary embolism.

Topical fusidic acid for treatment of Clostridium perfringens Keratitis.

Purpose: To report the therapeutic outcome of primary corneal infection by Clostridium perfringens.

Methods: A 65-year-old cleaning lady had pain, decreased visual acuity, redness, and photophobia in her left eye for 4 days. A paracentral corneal ulcer with subepithelial bullae and several frothy bubbles in the ulcer bed was found.

Triacylglycerol composition of protected designation of origin cheeses during ripening. Authenticity of milk fat.

Triacylglycerol (TAG) composition by carbon number in 2 protected designation of origin cheeses, Mahón (cheese from cow milk) and Manchego (cheese from ewe milk) that were manufactured by 3 different producers was analyzed during cheese ripening using gas chromatography with a short capillary column. The TAG composition at different times during cheese ripening was also analyzed in cheeses from different batches produced at the same plant. Lipolysis levels in the Mahón and Manchego cheeses during ripening were low; free fatty acid values ranged from 2,500 to 4,000 ppm at the end of ripening.

Essential requirement for sphingosine kinase activity in eNOS-dependent NO release and vasorelaxation.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid that acts both as an extracellular ligand for endothelial differentiation gene receptor family and as an intracellular second messenger. Cellular levels of S1P are low and tightly regulated by sphingosine kinase (SPK). Recent studies have suggested that eNOS pathway may function as a downstream target for the biological effects of receptor-mediated S1P.

alpha-Synuclein expression levels do not significantly affect proteasome function and expression in mice and stably transfected PC12 cell lines.

alpha-Synuclein (alpha-syn) is a small protein of unknown function that is found aggregated in Lewy bodies, the histopathological hallmark of sporadic Parkinson disease and other synucleinopathies. Mutations in the alpha-syn gene and a triplication of its gene locus have been identified in early onset familial Parkinson disease. alpha-Syn turnover can be mediated by the proteasome pathway.

The proteasome is a major autoantigen in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis seems to be an autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology affecting the white matter of the CNS. It is generally accepted that the autoimmune response is directed against specific components of myelin. We show here that proteasome, a ubiquitous protease complex composed of 14 different subunits, is a target for autoantibodies (IgG and IgM classes) present in the serum (66%, 73 out of 110) and in the CSF (61%, 16 out of 26) of patients with multiple sclerosis.

Clastosome: a subtype of nuclear body enriched in 19S and 20S proteasomes, ubiquitin, and protein substrates of proteasome.

Nuclear bodies represent a heterogeneous class of nuclear structures. Herein, we describe that a subset of nuclear bodies is highly enriched in components of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway of proteolysis. We coined the term clastosome (from the Greek klastos, broken and soma, body) to refer to this type of nuclear body.

Proteasome dynamics during cell cycle in rat Schwann cells.

The proteasome is responsible for most of the protein degradation that takes place in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy are used to study proteasome dynamics during the cell cycle in rat Schwann cells. During interphase, the proteasome is present in the nucleus and cytoplasm and shows no colocalization with cytoskeletal components.

Flow cytometry of cell proliferation through the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine as an index of growth rate in the water flea, Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera).

Background: In this paper, we used a small crustacean as a model to develop a method for quantifying growth rates through the measurement of a cell proliferation marker. This was done in order to study the feasibility of this assay for estimating zooplankton production in the ocean. Flow cytometry immunodetection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was performed to detect and quantify the cycling nuclei of Daphnia magna.

Antibodies against the COOH-terminal region of E. coli ClpP protease in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

Background/aims: The presence of antibodies in sera from patients with autoimmune diseases is an important tool for diagnosis and for providing insights into the mechanisms leading to autoimmunity. The aim of this study was to characterize new reactive antigens in liver autoimmune diseases.

Methods: Sera of patients with liver-related autoimmune (n=74) and non-liver-related autoimmune (n= 211) diseases, non-autoimmune liver diseases (n=18) and healthy controls (n=160) were evaluated for antibodies against E.

Mitochondrial localization and oligomeric structure of HClpP, the human homologue of E. coli ClpP.

A bacterially expressed recombinant HClpP protein, the human homologue of Escherichia coli ClpP protease, was used to obtain specific polyclonal antibodies. Those antibodies identify a 26 kDa polypeptide in mitochondrial subcellular fractions of rat and human liver. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopic studies demonstrate that the mammalian homologue of ClpP is located in the mitochondrial matrix with a tendency to be found in association with the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Alterations in hepatic peroxidation mechanisms in thioacetamide-induced tumors in rats. Effect of a rhodium(III) complex.

A model of liver hyperplastic noduligenesis was induced in rats in vivo by long-term administration of thioacetamide (TAM; 100 mg/kg day i.p.).

Sensory vagal nature and anatomical access paths to esophagus laminar nerve endings in myenteric ganglia. Determination by surgical degeneration methods.

The dependence, access paths and functional significance of the intraganglionic laminar nerve endings (IGLEs) in the esophageal wall of the cat are demonstrated. To this end Wallerian degeneration was induced on the vagus nerve by a number of surgical operations performed at the nodose ganglion level. The results show IGLEs to be sensorial receptors dependent on neuronal bodies situated in the nodose ganglion.

Ultrastructure of free-ending nerve fibres in oesophageal epithelium.

For the first time, at the ultrastructural level, the existence of free-ending, intraepithelial nerve fibres has been demonstrated in the oesophagus wall of adult cats and monkeys. Their form, the way they penetrate the epithelium, their location within the epithelium and their relationships with neighbouring cells have been established. A sensory function is suggested for this type of ending.

Effects of surgical sympathectomy on laminar nerve endings in myenteric ganglia.

Extirpation of the anterior regions of the sympathetic ganglionated chain (all cervical ganglia and the four subsequent thoracic ganglia) has been carried out in the cat. Histological study of the esophagus wall has shown intraganglionic laminar endings (IGLEs) to suffer an alteration which, in time, reverts to normality. Since it is not a Wallerian degeneration as such, we conclude, contrary to what has previously been assessed by some authors, that these nerve apparatuses are not dependent either on nerve cells located in sympathetic ganglia or on nerve fibers coursing through the sympathetic trunk.