Impact of Climatic Factors on the Temporal Trend of Malaria in India from 1961 to 2021.

Malaria remains a significant public health problem in India. Although temperature influences Anopheline mosquito feeding intervals, population density, and longevity, the reproductive potential of the Plasmodium parasite and rainfall influence the availability of larval habitats, and evidence to correlate the impact of climatic factors on the incidence of malaria is sparse. Understanding the influence of climatic factors on malaria transmission will help us predict the future spread and intensification of the disease.

Rising case-fatality rate of kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis) in India: An unexpected challenge to the kala-azar elimination program?

The target of kala-azar elimination was initially set in 2010 and was later extended several times to finally be fixed in 2020, which also passed without success. However, in 2022, India had come very close to complete elimination by achieving a 98.7% decline in kala-azar cases.

Genome resequencing and genome-wide polymorphisms in mosquito vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from south India.

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes spread major vector-borne viral diseases in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the globe. In this study, we sequenced the genome of Indian Ae. aegypti and Ae.

Mating of unfed, engorged, and partially to fully gravid Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) female mosquitoes in producing viable eggs.

Background: Understanding the relationship between blood-feeding and mating is important in effectively managing the most well-adapted vector insect, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus). Although extensive studies have investigated the behavioural aspects of Aedes such as blood-feeding, mating, and their relationship, several knowledge gaps still exist. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine the possibility of successful mating by unfed, engorged, and partially to fully gravid (up to 5 days after blood-feeding with fully developed eggs) female Ae.

West Nile virus in India: An update on its genetic lineages.

West Nile virus (WNV) is a rapidly spreading mosquito-transmitted zoonotic flavivirus. Mosquitoes belonging to the genus Culex are incriminated as the principal vectors of the virus, which causes West Nile fever (WNF) in humans. Manifestations of WNF include a mild, self-limiting, flu-like illness, which in severe cases (rare) may progress to encephalitis, resulting in life-threatening consequences.

Impact of COVID-19 lockdown during 2020 on the occurrence of vector-borne diseases in India.

Background & Objectives: India imposed one of the world's largest nationwide lockdown in the aftermath of COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 which was partly extended up to December. Some of the impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on the economy, research, travel, education, and sports were readily apparent; the same was less obvious in the occurrence of vector-borne diseases (VBDs). The objective of this study was to statistically determine the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the occurrence of VBDs in India.

Predation of Aedes aegypti Eggs By Foraging Ants Solenopsis invicta, Myrmicaria brunnea, Diacamma rugosum, and Monomorium minimum.

The diseases transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, such as dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika, are ever-increasing. Rapid and unplanned urbanization adversely impacts various endemic species such as ants and facilitates the breeding of Aedes mosquitoes. We have observed the predatory potential of ants over Aedes eggs in urban breeding habitats, and their impact on Aedes mosquito breeding was determined by a field experiment that mimicked the natural breeding habitats.

Impact of SA 14-14-2 vaccination on the occurrence of Japanese encephalitis in India.

Japanese encephalitis virus is the major cause of encephalitis in India. To control the increasing incidence and fatal outbreaks, SA 14-14-2 vaccine was introduced initially in 104 endemic districts in phased manner from 2006 to 2011. As there is no data available before 2008 on the number of Japanese encephalitis (JE) cases excluding cases of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES), a four year average of the number of JE vs.

Extremely Long Viability of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Eggs Stored Under Normal Room Condition.

The viability of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) eggs was determined by storing the eggs for long period of up to 1,889 d. The viability of eggs declined over time from 88.54 to 4.

The lost hope of elimination of Kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis) by 2010 and cyclic occurrence of its outbreak in India, blame falls on vector control practices or co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus or therapeutic modalities?

The Kala-azar/visceral leishmaniasis (VL) turns epidemic form once in every 15 years in the endemic regions of Indian subcontinent. The goal of elimination of Kala-azar from India by 2010 was lost despite paramount efforts taken by the Government of India and World Health Organization and Regional Office for South East Asia. The main objective of this review was to elucidate the possible reason for the failure of Kala-azar elimination program and to suggest possible remedial measures to achieve the goal in future.

The treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) in India: no obvious signs of long-term success.

In India, the eastern state of Bihar is particularly badly affected by visceral leishmaniasis (VL). It was in Bihar in the 1980s that the first clear signs of resistance to pentavalent antimonials, which had then been the standard antileishmanial treatment for several decades, were observed. New drugs and new formulations of old drugs have since been developed for the treatment of VL.