Establishing In-vivo brain microdialysis for comparing concentrations of a variety of cortical neurotransmitters in the awake rhesus macaque between different cognitive states.

Background: Neuronal activity is modulated by behavior and cognitive processes. The combination of several neurotransmitter systems, acting directly or indirectly on specific populations of neurons, underlie such modulations. Most studies with non-human primates (NHPs) fail to capture this complexity, partly due to the lack of adequate methods for reliably and simultaneously measuring a broad spectrum of neurotransmitters while the animal engages in behavioral tasks.

Exploring the Obesity Paradox in All Subtypes of Intracranial Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of 13,000 Patients.

Background/objectives: Recent studies reveal an "obesity paradox", suggesting better clinical outcomes after intracranial hemorrhage for obese patients compared to patients with a healthy BMI. While this paradox indicates improved survival rates for obese individuals in stroke cases, it is unknown whether this trend remains true across all forms of intracranial hemorrhage. Therefore, the objective of our study was to investigate the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of hospitalized obese patients with intracranial hemorrhage.

Necrosis inducing tetranuclear Ru(II)-Re(I) metal complex for anticancer therapy.

Chemotherapy is one of the most widely used anticancer treatments worldwide. However, despite its clinical effectiveness, most chemotherapeutic agents are associated with severe side effects. To address this limitation, there is an urgent need for the development of novel anticancer agents.

Validation of the PECUNIA reference unit costs templates in Spain: a useful tool for multi-national economic evaluations of health technologies.

Background: The PECUNIA Project was funded by the H2020 programme in which 10 partners from six countries participated. The aim was to develop standardized, harmonized and validated methods and tools to calculate costs in different sectors (such as health and social care, education among others), with the purpose of facilitating comparability of economic evaluations of health technologies across European countries. In this paper we report the first validation of the developed reference unit cost templates in Spain.

Surrogates may not accurately estimate resilience and spirituality in neurologically critically ill patients.

Background: Surrogates often provide substituted judgement for neurologically critically ill patients. Resilience and spirituality are understudied constructs in this patient population. In this study we examine how accurately surrogates estimate measures of resilience and spirituality for neurologically critically ill patients.

Adequate bowel preparation of patients undergoing screening colonoscopy : Does educational status matter? A retrospective data analysis.

Background: In order to achieve a high-quality screening colonoscopy, a high-quality bowel preparation is essential. To perform an adequate bowel cleansing patients need to understand and act on medical information, also known as health literacy. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the patients' educational status as a proxy for health literacy and adequate bowel preparation.

A Simple Clinical Predictive Model for Arthroscopic Mobility of Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesions of the Knee.

Background: Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee is a focal idiopathic alteration of subchondral bone and/or its precursor with risk for instability and disruption of adjacent cartilage. Treatment options focused on preventing premature osteoarthritis vary depending on multiple patient and lesion characteristics, including lesion mobility.

Purpose: To differentiate lesion mobility before arthroscopy using a multivariable model that includes patient demographic characteristics and physical examination findings.

Emergency Priorities in the Treatment of Cerebral Hemorrhage: Code-Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

The focus of acute treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) includes acute blood pressure management, prevention of secondary hematoma expansion through anticoagulation reversal, and neurosurgical interventions for select patients. Recent evidence points to ultra-early acute ICH bundles, implementing multiple therapies in parallel, as the most impactful therapy in reducing morbidity and mortality. It is time for widespread implementation of formalized care bundles in ICH, including specific metrics for time to treatment and criteria for neurosurgical therapy.

Aging Well? Exploring Self-Reported Quality of Life in the Older Austrian Population Based on Repeated Cross-Sectional Data.

Increase in life expectancy around the world puts aging societies with all their challenges on the Global Public Health agenda. In Austria, additional years of life gained are not spent in good health, as healthy life expectancy is far below the European average. Using repeated cross-sectional data from three waves of the Austrian Health Interview Survey (2006, 2014 and 2019), including a total of 10,056 participants aged 65 years and above, this study examined the change in self-reported quality-of-life (QoL) over time and explored associated factors.

Comparison of a Novel Posterior Integrated Transfixation Sacroiliac Joint Fusion Approach to the Posterolateral and Lateral Approaches: A Cadaveric Biomechanical and Computational Analysis of the Fixation, Invasiveness, and Fusion Area.

Purpose: To concurrently assess and compare the fixation efficacy, invasiveness, and fusion potential of a posterior integrated transfixation cage system to the posterolateral threaded implant and lateral triangular rod systems, in a cadaveric model.

Methods And Materials: Twelve (12) cadaveric sacroiliac joint specimens were utilized and tested within the single-leg stance multidirectional pure moment bending model. Each specimen was tested in the intact, destabilized, treated (using posterior, posterolateral, and lateral systems), and post-fatigue conditions by applying 0 to ± 7.

An osmolarity dependent mechanism partially ameliorates retinal cysts and rescues cone function in a mouse model of X-linked retinoschisis.

Introduction: X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) is a vitreoretinal dystrophy caused by gene mutations which disrupt retinoschisin-1 (RS1) function. Vital for retinal architecture, the absence of functional RS1 leads to the development of intraretinal cysts. Intravitreal injection of a gene therapy for treating XLRS caused ocular inflammation in high dose groups in a phase I/II clinical trial.

Barriers and facilitators of healthcare access for long COVID-19 patients in a universal healthcare system: qualitative evidence from Austria.

Background: Long COVID-19 challenges health and social systems globally. International research finds major inequalities in prevalence and healthcare utilization as patients describe difficulties with accessing health care. In order to improve long-term outcomes it is vital to understand any underlying access barriers, for which relevant evidence on long COVID-19 is thus far lacking in a universal healthcare system like Austria.

MRI-Seed-Wizard: combining deep learning algorithms with magnetic resonance imaging enables advanced seed phenotyping.

Evaluation of relevant seed traits is an essential part of most plant breeding and biotechnology programmes. There is a need for non-destructive, three-dimensional assessment of the morphometry, composition, and internal features of seeds. Here, we introduce a novel tool, MRI-Seed-Wizard, which integrates deep learning algorithms with non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for use in a new domain-plant MRI.

SARS-CoV-2 ferritin nanoparticle vaccines produce hyperimmune equine sera with broad sarbecovirus activity.

The rapid emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoC) and the threat of future zoonotic sarbecovirus spillover emphasizes the need for broadly protective next-generation vaccines and therapeutics. We utilized SARS-CoV-2 spike ferritin nanoparticle (SpFN), and SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain ferritin nanoparticle (RFN) immunogens, in an equine model to elicit hyperimmune sera and evaluated its sarbecovirus neutralization and protection capacity. Immunized animals rapidly elicited sera with the potent neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 VoC, and SARS-CoV-1 pseudoviruses, and potent binding against receptor binding domains from sarbecovirus clades 1b, 1a, 2, 3, and 4.

Metabolic imaging in living plants: A promising field for chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a versatile technique in the biomedical field, but its application to the study of plant metabolism in vivo remains challenging because of magnetic susceptibility problems. In this study, we report the establishment of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) for plant MRI. This method enables noninvasive access to the metabolism of sugars and amino acids in complex sink organs (seeds, fruits, taproots, and tubers) of major crops (maize, barley, pea, potato, sugar beet, and sugarcane).