Male Perineal Carcinoma: Experience in 4 Cases and Literature Review.

Perineal carcinoma of unknown origin is a rare and aggressive disease, so an early diagnosis and adequate treatment are essential to prevent its progression. We report the first series of cases of perineal carcinoma of unknown origin: (I) a 62-year-old male patient being followed up for a urethral stricture treated with periodic dilations with subsequent development of perineal abscesses and perineal carcinoma; (II) a 67-year-old male patient who consults for urinary discomfort associated with a perineal abscess. Recurrence of the abscess in the first month revealed the presence of an underlying perineal carcinoma; (III) a 78-year-old male patient that underwent urethroplasty with graft with subsequent regimen of periodical dilations.

Fumagillin Contributes to Host Cell Damage.

The activity of fumagillin, a mycotoxin produced by , has not been studied in depth. In this study, we used a commercial fumagillin on cultures of two cell types (A549 pneumocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages).

Quantitative and Topographic Analysis by Immunohistochemical Expression of Ghrelin Gastric Cells in Patients with Morbid Obesity.

Purpose: The cellular distribution of ghrelin positive cells is not well defined. The aim of the study is to quantify and determine the distribution of ghrelin cells in gastric mucosa in patients with morbid obesity and relate this finding to gender, comorbidities, gastritis, and plasmatic levels of acyl and desacylghrelin before and after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Patient And Methods: We performed a study on 61 patients with BMI≥50 kg/m operated by laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Study of Humoral Responses against / spp. and to Identify Antigens of Interest for Diagnosis and Treatment.

The high mortality rates of infections are due, above all, to the tendency of the fungus to infect weakened hosts, late diagnosis and a lack of effective therapeutic treatments. To identify proteins of significance for diagnosis, therapy or prophylaxis, immunoproteomics-based studies are especially important. Consequently, in this study murine disseminated infections were carried out using , , and , and their sera used to identify the most immunoreactive proteins of total extract and secreted proteins.

Investigation of the virulence and genomics of Aeromonas salmonicida strains isolated from human patients.

The bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida is known since long time as a major fish pathogen unable to grow at 37 °C. However, some cases of human infection by putative mesophilic A. salmonicida have been reported.

A possible role for fumagillin in cellular damage during host infection by Aspergillus fumigatus.

Virulence mechanisms of the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus are multifactorial and depend on the immune state of the host, but little is known about the fungal mechanism that develops during the process of lung invasion. In this study, microarray technology was combined with a histopathology evaluation of infected lungs so that the invasion strategy followed by the fungus could be described. To achieve this, an intranasal mice infection was performed to extract daily fungal samples from the infected lungs over four days post-infection.

Fungal Olecranon Bursitis in an Immunocompetent Patient by Knoxdaviesia dimorphospora sp. nov.: Case Report and Review.

Bursitis is a common medical condition that can occur either with or without infection. We present a case of fungal olecranon bursitis in an immunocompetent individual caused by the new species Knoxdaviesia dimorphospora. It is a dematiaceous filamentous fungus characterized by the production of two different conidia: hyaline and cylindrical, which rise up from phialidic conidiogenous cells located in the upper part of differentiated and unbranched conidiophores, and pale brown and ellipsoidal conidia produced by phialidic conidiogenous cells which are born directly on hyphae.

Combined antifungal therapy against systemic murine infections by rare Cryptococcus species.

Cryptococcus albidus and Cryptococcus laurentii are uncommon species of this genus that in recent decades have increasingly caused opportunistic infections in humans, mainly in immunocompromised patients; the best therapy for such infection being unknown. Using a murine model of systemic infection by these fungi, we have evaluated the efficacy of amphotericin B (AMB) at 0.8 mg/kg, administered intravenously, fluconazole (FLC) or voriconazole (VRC), both administered orally, at 25 mg/kg and the combination of AMB plus VRC against three C.

Virulence and Experimental Treatment of Trichoderma longibrachiatum, a Fungus Refractory to Treatment.

Different inocula of Trichoderma longibrachiatum were tested in a murine model, and only the highest one (1 × 10(7) CFU/animal) killed all of the mice at day 15 postinfection, with spleen and liver the most affected organs. The efficacies of amphotericin B deoxycholate, liposomal amphotericin B, voriconazole, and micafungin were evaluated in the same model, with very poor results. Our study demonstrated the low virulence but high resistance to antifungal compounds of this fungus.

Virulence and Resistance to Antifungal Therapies of Scopulariopsis Species.

Scopulariopsisis an emerging opportunistic fungus characterized by its high resistance to antifungal therapies. We have developed a murine model of disseminated infection in immunosuppressed animals by intravenous inoculation ofScopulariopsis brevicaulisandScopulariopsis brumptii, the most clinically relevant species, in order to evaluate their virulence and their responses to conventional antifungal treatments. Survival and tissue burden studies showed thatS.

Efficacy of Posaconazole in a Murine Model of Systemic Infection by Saprochaete capitata.

The fungus Saprochaete capitata causes opportunistic human infections, mainly in immunocompromised patients with hematological malignancies. The best therapy for this severe infection is still unknown. We evaluated the in vitro killing activity and the in vivo efficacy of posaconazole at 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg twice a day (BID) in a murine neutropenic model of systemic infection with S.

Emmonsiellopsis, a new genus related to the thermally dimorphic fungi of the family Ajellomycetaceae.

Two interesting fungi were isolated from fluvial sediments collected in the North of Spain. They were morphologically related to the thermally dimorphic fungi of the family Ajellomycetaceae, but the analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of the rDNA, and the domains D1 and D2 of the 28S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that they were different from all the species described in that family. They were accommodated in the new genus Emmonsiellopsis as E.

Experimental efficacy of anidulafungin against Aspergillus terreus species complex.

Whereas echinocandins are alternatives for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis, the efficacy of anidulafungin (AFG) against Aspergillus terreus infection has not yet been explored. We have evaluated the in vitro activity, as well as the in vivo efficacy of AFG in neutropenic mice infected by A. terreus species complex.

Fungal prostatitis: an update.

Prostate pathology is a daily occurrence in urological and general medical consultations. Besides hyperplasia and neoplastic pathology, other processes, such as infectious ones, are also documented. Their etiology is diverse and varied.

Combination therapy in the treatment of experimental invasive fungal infection by Sarocladium (Acremonium) kiliense.

Since human infections by Sarocladium (Acremonium) kiliense are usually refractory to antifungal therapy, combinations of drugs are an option that needs exploring. The antifungal activities of anidulafungin plus posaconazole or voriconazole and of amphotericin B plus voriconazole were evaluated and their efficacy was tested in a murine model of disseminated infection by three S. kiliense strains.

In vitro antifungal susceptibility of Candida glabrata to caspofungin and the presence of FKS mutations correlate with treatment response in an immunocompromised murine model of invasive infection.

It has been argued that the in vitro activity of caspofungin (CSP) is not a good predictor of the outcome of echinocandin treatment in vivo. We evaluated the in vitro activity of CSP and the presence of FKS mutations in the hot spot 1 (HS1) region of the FKS1 and FKS2 genes in 17 Candida glabrata strains with a wide range of MICs. The efficacy of CSP against systemic infections from each of the 17 strains was evaluated in a murine model.

Therapies against murine Candida guilliermondii infection, relationship between in vitro antifungal pharmacodynamics and outcome.

Background: Candida guilliermondii has been recognized as an emerging pathogen showing a decreased susceptibility to fluconazole and considerably high echinocandin MICs.

Aims: Evaluate the in vitro activity of anidulafungin in comparison to amphotericin B and fluconazole against different isolates of C. guilliermondii, and their efficacy in an immunosuppressed murine model of disseminated infection.

Nerve compression syndromes of the hand and forearm associated with tumours of non-neural origin and tumour-like lesions.

Nerve compression syndromes caused by non-neural tumours or tumour-like lesions are rare. We retrospectively reviewed 541 consecutive patients operated on by the same surgeon to study nerve compression syndromes in the forearm and hand. There were 414 due to nerve compression and 127 caused by tumours.

Experimental murine acremoniosis: an emerging opportunistic human infection.

Acremonium is an emerging fungal pathogen causing severe infections. We evaluated the virulence of three clinically relevant species within the genus, i.e.