Verbal memory impairments in mood disorders and psychotic disorders: A systematic review of comparative studies.

Background: Mood and psychotic disorders are both associated with verbal memory impairments. Verbal memory represents an important treatment target for both disorders. However, whether the neurocognitive and neurophysiological profiles of verbal memory impairments differ between specific disorders within these two diagnostic categories and healthy controls remains unclear.

A comprehensive early warning system for karst water sources contamination risk, case study of the Unica springs, SW Slovenia.

Water suppliers should provide safe drinking water following preventive measures. This is especially important for karst water sources, as they are among the most vulnerable. Recently, there has been a strong focus on the early warning system, which mainly involves monitoring proxy parameters, but does not consider drainage area conditions and other monitoring recommendations.

Impact of emergency physician experience on decision-making in patients with suspected community-acquired pneumonia and undergoing systematic thoracic CT scan.

Objectives: To determine whether the impact of a thoracic CT scan on community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) diagnosis and patient management varies according to emergency physician's experience (≤10 vs >10 years).

Methods: Early thoracic CT Scan for Community-Acquired Pneumonia at the Emergency Department is an interventional study conducted from November 2011 to January 2013 in four French emergency departments, and included suspected patients with CAP. We analysed changes in emergency physician CAP diagnosis classification levels before and after CT scan; and their agreement with an adjudication committee.

Community-acquired pneumonia and Gram-negative bacilli in Cambodia-incidence, risk factors and clinical characteristics.

Background: In Western settings, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) due to Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) is relatively rare. Previous studies from Asia, however, indicate a higher prevalence of GNB in CAP, but data, particularly from Southeast Asia, are limited.

Methods: This is a prospective observational study of 1451 patients ≥15 y of age with CAP from two hospitals in Cambodia between 2007 and 2010.

Serotype Distribution of Clinical Isolates before the Introduction of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Cambodia.

Childhood vaccination with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced in Cambodia in January 2015. Baseline data regarding circulating serotypes are scarce. All microbiology laboratories in Cambodia were contacted for identification of stored isolates of from clinical specimens taken before the introduction of PCV13.

Understanding changes in the hydrological behaviour within a karst aquifer (Lurbach system, Austria).

A thorough data analysis combined with groundwater modelling was conducted in an Austrian binary karst aquifer to better understand changes in the hydrological behaviour observed at a karst spring. During a period of 4 years after a major flood event the spring hydrograph appears to be more damped with lower peak flow and higher baseflow than in the years before. The analysis of the hydrograph recession suggests that the observed hydrological change is caused by changes within the karst system rather than by varying hydro-meteorological conditions.

Early Chest Computed Tomography Scan to Assist Diagnosis and Guide Treatment Decision for Suspected Community-acquired Pneumonia.

Rationale: Clinical decision making relative to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) diagnosis is difficult. Chest radiograph is key in establishing parenchymal lung involvement. However, radiologic performance may lead to misdiagnosis, rendering questionable the use of chest computed tomography (CT) scan in patients with clinically suspected CAP.

[Pulmonary manifestations in HIV-infected patients: a diagnostic approach].

The spectrum of pulmonary diseases that can affect human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients is wide and includes both HIV and non-HIV-related conditions. Opportunistic infections and neoplasms remain a major concern even in the current era of combination antiretroviral therapy. Although these diseases have characteristic clinical and radiological features, there can be considerable variation in these depending on the patient's CD4 lymphocyte count.

Nonlinear Flow Process: A New Package to Compute Nonlinear Flow in MODFLOW.

A new MODFLOW package (Nonlinear Flow Process; NLFP) simulating nonlinear flow following the Forchheimer equation was developed and implemented in MODLFOW-2005. The method is based on an iterative modification of the conductance calculated and used by MODFLOW to obtain an effective Forchheimer conductance. The package is compatible with the different layer types, boundary conditions, and solvers as well as the wetting capability of MODFLOW.

Causes and determinants of mortality in HIV-infected adults with tuberculosis: an analysis from the CAMELIA ANRS 1295-CIPRA KH001 randomized trial.

Background: Shortening the interval between antituberculosis treatment onset and initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces mortality in severely immunocompromised human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with tuberculosis. A better understanding of causes and determinants of death may lead to new strategies to further enhance survival.

Methods: We assessed mortality rates, causes of death, and factors of mortality in Cambodian HIV-infected adults with CD4 count ≤200 cells/µL and tuberculosis, randomized to initiate ART either 2 weeks (early ART) or 8 weeks (late ART) after tuberculosis treatment onset in the CAMELIA clinical trial.

Single event time series analysis in a binary karst catchment evaluated using a groundwater model (Lurbach system, Austria).

The Lurbach karst system (Styria, Austria) is drained by two major springs and replenished by both autogenic recharge from the karst massif itself and a sinking stream that originates in low permeable schists (allogenic recharge). Detailed data from two events recorded during a tracer experiment in 2008 demonstrate that an overflow from one of the sub-catchments to the other is activated if the discharge of the main spring exceeds a certain threshold. Time series analysis (autocorrelation and cross-correlation) was applied to examine to what extent the various available methods support the identification of the transient inter-catchment flow observed in this binary karst system.

[HIV in the lung from 1982 to 2013].

During the last 30 years pulmonary involvement has played a major role in the history of HIV infection. Initially, the unexplained occurrence of pneumocystis revealed the emergence of AIDS and the suspicion of its African origin. Before the era of triple therapy the natural history of AIDS was dominated by the occurrence of repeated lung infections and respiratory physicians were at the forefront of their diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis.

Acute lower respiratory infections on lung sequelae in Cambodia, a neglected disease in highly tuberculosis-endemic country.

Background: Little is known about post-infectious pulmonary sequelae in countries like Cambodia where tuberculosis is hyper-endemic and childhood pulmonary infections are highly frequent. We describe the characteristics of hospitalized Cambodian patients presenting with community-acquired acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) on post-infectious pulmonary sequelae (ALRIPS).

Methods: Between 2007 and 2010, inpatients ≥15 years with ALRI were prospectively recruited.

Complications and factors associated with severity of influenza in hospitalized children and adults during the pandemic wave of A(H1N1)pdm2009 infections--the Fluco French cohort.

Background: The emergence of novel A(H1N1)pdm2009 virus threatened to lead to frequent severe manifestations.

Objectives: To describe the clinical, virological, and biological characteristics of the disease and identify the factors associated with severe presentations.

Study Design: This prospective multicenter study recruited consecutive hospitalized patients with confirmed A(H1N1)pdm2009 disease.

Acute lower respiratory infections in ≥ 5 year -old hospitalized patients in Cambodia, a low-income tropical country: clinical characteristics and pathogenic etiology.

Background: Few data exist on viral and bacterial etiology of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in ≥ 5 year -old persons in the tropics.

Methods: We conducted active surveillance of community-acquired ALRI in two hospitals in Cambodia, a low-income tropical country. Patients were tested for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) by direct sputum examination, other bacteria by blood and/or sputum cultures, and respiratory viruses using molecular techniques on nasopharyngeal/throat swabs.

Acute viral lower respiratory tract infections in Cambodian children: clinical and epidemiologic characteristics.

Background: Viruses are detected in most hospitalized children admitted for acute respiratory infections. Etiologic understanding is needed to improve clinical management and prevention, particularly in resource-limited tropical countries.

Methods: A 3-year prospective descriptive study was conducted among Cambodian children admitted to 2 provincial hospitals for acute lower respiratory tract infection.

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in immunocompetent patients: etiologies and prognosis revisited.

Background: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) represents a diagnostic challenge of acute respiratory failure. Prompt identification of the underlying cause of DAH and initiation of appropriate treatment are required in order to prevent acute respiratory failure and irreversible loss of renal function. More than 100 causes of DAH have been reported.

Klebsiella pneumoniae related community-acquired acute lower respiratory infections in Cambodia: clinical characteristics and treatment.

Background: In many Asian countries, Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is the second pathogen responsible for community-acquired pneumonia. Yet, very little is known about KP etiology in ALRI in Cambodia, a country that has one of the weakest medical infrastructures in the region. We present here the first clinico-radiological description of KP community-acquired ALRI in hospitalized Cambodian patients.

[When pneumonia does not respond to antibiotic therapy].

The favorable pneumonia outcome with antibiotics according to the recommendations is defined by improving clinical symptoms in 48-72 hours followed by their normalization within less than 10 days. This is different to stop progression of radiological abnormalities that can be delayed for 48-72 hours and moreover to radiological normalization which may require 4 to 8 weeks. The non favorable outcome, 48-72 hours after a first line of antibiotic therapy results in the vast majority of cases, from an infection: the pneumonia is not or poorly treated.

Early prediction of in-hospital mortality of patients with hemoptysis: an approach to defining severe hemoptysis.

Background: The severity of hemoptysis is usually assessed on the amount of blood expectorated, although no threshold has been agreed upon. Respiratory or hemodynamic failures are additional severity criteria but occur in few cases.

Objectives: Early identification of the in-hospital mortality determinants might be helpful to best characterize severe hemoptysis.

Factors associated with negative direct sputum examination in Asian and African HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis (ANRS 1260).

Objective: To identify factors associated with negative direct sputum examination among African and Cambodian patients co-infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV.

Design: Prospective multicenter study (ANRS1260) conducted in Cambodia, Senegal and Central African Republic.

Methods: Univariate and multivariate analyses (logistic regression) were used to identify clinical and radiological features associated with negative direct sputum examination in HIV-infected patients with positive M.

Pulmonary melioidosis in Cambodia: a prospective study.

Background: Melioidosis is a disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei and considered endemic in South-East Asia but remains poorly documented in Cambodia. We report the first series of hospitalized pulmonary melioidosis cases identified in Cambodia describing clinical characteristics and outcomes.

Methods: We characterized cases of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) that were identified through surveillance in two provincial hospitals.

[Aetiology of AFB negative pneumonias in hospitalized HIV patients in Dakar].

A prospective study was carried out in two tertiary hospitals in Dakar to determine the main causes of sputum acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear-negative pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. All clinical and microbiological records were reviewed by experts. Seventy patients were finally enrolled.

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs may affect the presentation and course of community-acquired pneumonia.

Background: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used as antipyretics and analgesics and may affect the host response to acute infection. We investigated the potential influence of NSAIDs on the presentation and short-term outcomes of nonimmunocompromised inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) admitted to the ICU.

Methods: All consecutive patients with CAP admitted to the ICU or step-down unit of a university hospital during a 4-year period were prospectively included, except when receiving long-term NSAIDs or steroids.