Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation in Animal Model Studies: From Neural Mechanisms to Biological Effects for Analgesia.

Objective: This systematic and meta-analysis review evaluated the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)-induced action mechanisms for animal analgesia.

Materials And Methods: Two independent investigators identified relevant articles published until February 2021 through a literature review, and a random-effects meta-analysis was performed to synthesize the results.

Results: Of the 6984 studies found in the data base search, 53 full-text articles were selected and used in the systematic review.

Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation in the treatment of dysfunctions in facial paralysis: a systematic literature review.

Background: Facial palsy (FP) is defined as an injury of the seventh cranial nerve pair, partial or total, which can be classified as central or peripheral. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is primarily used in the functional recovery of upper and lower limb conditions, however the technique has also been used for FP.

Objective: To analyze the effect of PNF in the treatment of dysfunctions in FP.