Genetic Alternatives for Experimental Adaptation to Colistin in Three Lineages.

is characterized by a high adaptive potential, developing resistance in response to antimicrobial pressure. We employed a spatiotemporal evolution model to disclose the pathways of adaptation to colistin, a last-resort polymyxin antimicrobial, among three unrelated lineages. The ATCC-27833 reference strain (), an environmental isolate (), and a clinical isolate with multiple drug resistance () were grown over an increasing 5-step colistin concentration gradient from 0 to 400 mg/L.

[Point-of-Care Blood Glucose Testing: Post-Market Performance Assessment of the Accu-Chek Inform II Hospital-Use Glucose Meter].

Background: A point-of-care glucose testing (POCT) is an essential component of care in patients with hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in inpatient and outpatient settings. In Russian medical facilities (MFs), conventional glucose meters designed for self-monitoring by patients with diabetes are commonly used for POCT. These home-use meters have two serious disadvantages: the first is large measurement bias and the second - they can't be integrated into laboratory information systems, so measurement data have to be recorded into patient charts manually.

[Erratum in "Point-of-Care Blood Glucose Testing: Post-Market Performance Assessment of the Accu-Chek Inform II Hospital-Use Glucose Meter" (DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2023.12.202522)].

In the article "Point-of-care blood glucose testing: post-market performance assessment of the Accu-Chek Inform II hospital-use glucose meter," published in the Terapevticheskii Arkhiv journal, Vol. 95, No.12, 2023 (DOI: 10.

Clonal diversity, antimicrobial resistance, and genome features among nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis in Russia.

Nonfermenting gram-negative (NFGN) bacteria were isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and subjected to susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing. Among 170 enrolled CF patients, 112 (65.9%) were colonized with at least 1 key NFGN species.

Genetic determinants of virulence and antibiotic resistance are common for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST235 isolates from cystic fibrosis patients from various geographical regions.

The dissemination of multiple-drug resistant high virulent strains of P. aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis is of concern worldwide. Herein, we describe genomic characteristics of ST235 isolates recovered from cystic fibrosis patients in Russia.

Multiple-Drug Resistant Nasopharyngeal Isolated in Russia: Serotypes, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Molecular Characterization of the Emergent Serotype 13/ST2754 Lineage.

The pneumococcal population structure and drug resistance patterns are constantly changing worldwide. In this study, we described serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility among 478 multiple-drug resistant (MDR) pediatric nasopharyngeal pneumococci recovered in 2010-2017. The majority of isolates (89.

Parallel detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and nucleocapsid antigen in nasopharyngeal specimens from a COVID-19 patient screening cohort.

Objectives: Reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) is considered the most sensitive method for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, this method is relatively resource- and time-consuming. This study was performed to compare SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen (N-Ag) testing using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection.

A multiple drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae of serotype 15A occurring from serotype 19A by capsular switching.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a highly recombinogenic pathogen. The ability of pneumococci to acquire and incorporate exogenous DNA is an important evolutionary mechanism for adaptation to clinical interventions such as antibiotic therapy and vaccination. Herein, using whole genome sequencing we detected a multiple drug-resistant serotype 15A pneumococcus emerged by capsular switching from serotype 19A/ST276.

Genotypes, carbapenemase carriage, integron diversity and oprD alterations among carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Russia.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a serious opportunistic pathogen demonstrating a high level of resistance to many groups of antibiotics, including carbapenems. This study aimed to characterise the molecular epidemiology and prevalence of mobile genetic elements associated with resistance to carbapenems among P. aeruginosa (CRPA) clinical isolates.

Emergence of a ST307 clone carrying a novel insertion element MITEKpn1 in the mgrB gene among carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from Moscow, Russia.

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) represents a major nosocomial pathogen with only a few antimicrobial agents, including colistin, remaining active. However, the emergence of colistin-resistant (Col-R) isolates is compromising the activity of colistin. In this study, a collection of 159 CRKP recovered from three hospitals in Moscow (Russian Federation) was examined.

[Integron diversity in bla-carrying carbapenem-resistant clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates].

The growing prevalence of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in nosocomial pathogen populations has been attributed to their clonal spread, and/or horizontal transfer of MBL determinants in mobile genetic elements, including integrons. To characterize the genetic background of the beta-lactamase VIM-2 encoding gene in the population of carbapenemresistant (Carba-R) P. aeruginosa clinical isolates.

A kinetic assay of total lipase activity for detecting lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) and the molecular characterization of 18 LAL-D patients from Russia.

Unlabelled: Laboratory diagnostics of lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D), a rare disorder associated with alterations, are based on the evaluation of LAL activity. In dry blood spots (DBS) submitted for LAL-D diagnostics (the screening cohort) over a two-year period or obtained from a cohort of retrospective LAL-D patients, we measured: (1) LAL activity using a two-reaction assay with 4-methylumbelliferone palmitate (4-MU-Palm) and Lalistat-2, a specific LAL inactivator; (2) total lipase (TL) activity by a 1-hour kinetic 4-MU-Palm cleavage reaction (no Lalistat-2). The TL activity was expressed as the area under the kinetic curve after 1 hour (TL-AUC) of the reaction and presented as the median (min-max).

A rapid method of whole cell sample preparation for scanning electron microscopy using neodymium chloride.

The quality of electron microscopy (EM) visualization of biological objects is constantly improving, primarily with the usage of more complex technologies, such as serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SEM), focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy, and array tomography. Here we suggest a new rapid method of whole cell sample preparation for scanning EM using neodymium chloride treatment followed by staining with lead acetate. This variant of sample preparation does not require separate fixation, complete dehydration, and metal sputtering.

Changing serotype distribution and resistance patterns among pediatric nasopharyngeal pneumococci collected in Moscow, 2010-2017.

Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance were analyzed in 632 nasopharyngeal pneumococcal isolates collected at a single pediatric center in 2010-2017 before and following the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV13) in Russia in 2014. The mean prevalence of PCV13 serotypes was 77.7% in 2010-2015 with a significant decline to 58.

[The comparison of methods for determination of colistin susceptibility in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.].

In recent years, because of carbapenemase spreading in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, the antibiotic of reserve group, colistin, is increasingly prescribed. In vitro testing of colistin susceptibility in everyday practice has a number of difficulties due to the cationic properties of molecule and weak diffusion into agar. Therefore it is recommended to use the reference Broth Microdilution Method (BMD) for determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for colistin.

Inactivation of the oprD porin gene by a novel insertion sequence ISPa195 associated with large deletion in a carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate.

Objectives: Alteration of the porin-encoding gene oprD by insertion sequences (ISs) is one mechanism conferring carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here we describe a carbapenem-resistant clinical P. aeruginosa isolate 36-989 harbouring a novel IS (ISPa195) in oprD.

Results from the Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) 2014-16 in Russia.

Objectives: To determine antibiotic susceptibility in isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae collected in 2014-16 from Russia.

Methods: MICs were determined by CLSI broth microdilution and susceptibility was assessed using CLSI, EUCAST and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) breakpoints.

Results: A total of 279 S.

Emergence of the Uncommon Clone ST944/ST78 Carrying bla and bla Genes Among Carbapenem-Nonsusceptible Acinetobacter baumannii in Moscow, Russia.

Carbapenem-nonsusceptible (Carba-NS) Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an important cause of nosocomial infections. In the present study, we characterized 91 Carba-NS A. baumannii isolates collected from patients of surgical departments and intensive care units at three hospitals in Moscow in 2012-2015.

Antimicrobial resistance, penicillin-binding protein sequences, and pilus islet carriage in relation to clonal evolution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A in Russia, 2002-2013.

Clonal changes of serotype 19A pneumococci have been appreciated in conjunction with growing prevalence of this serotype after implementation of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7). In the present study, we characterized serotype 19A pneumococci collected in Russia within a decade preceding the implementation of PCV vaccination and described their clonal evolution. We retrospectively analyzed non-invasive serotype 19A isolates collected in 2002-2013.

Detection of respiratory pathogens in pediatric acute otitis media by PCR and comparison of findings in the middle ear and nasopharynx.

We conducted a series of polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) in order to detect bacteria (7 species) and viruses (17 species) in middle ear fluid (MEF) and nasopharynx (Nph) of children with acute otitis media (AOM; n=179). Bacterial and viral nucleic acids were detected in MEF of 78.8% and 14.

[Antibiotic Resistance and Its Molecular Mechanisms in Carbapenem-Nonsusceptible Klebsiellapneumoniae Isolated in Pediatric ICUs in Moscow.].

Klebsiellapneumoniae is a significant pathogen associated with hospital infections. Its was isolated in intensive care units (ICU) at two pediatric hospitals in Moscow in 2012-2014 from 41% (387/935) of the patients. The rate of carbapenem-nonsusceptibility (Carba-NS) amounted to 25% for imipenem and 27% for meropenem.

[BIOFILM FORMATION BY STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE].

The biofilm process in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is described. Virtually all wild-type pneumococci are capable of the biofilm formation. The pneumococcal capsule may reduce the biofilm production, and the propensity to form biofilms has a reverse correlation with the amount of the capsule material.

[Rotavirus infection: epidemiology, pathology, vaccination].

Diarrheal infections remain the major cause of morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years of age. The rotavirus holds the leading position among principal diarrheal pathogens that include also norovirus, enteropathogenic and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Rotaviruses are transmitted by the fecal-oral route and are extremely contagious and stable in the environment.