Glucagon- and insulin-immunopositive endocrine cells in porcine extrahepatic bile ducts and gallbladder.

Introduction: Pancreatic β-cells and α-cells have been found in the murine extrahepatic biliary ducts but not in the gallbladder. However, there has been no information reported in the specialized literature about the presence of glucagon- and insulin-expressing endocrine cells in porcine bile ducts and gallbladder.

Aim: We aimed to perform an immunohistochemical study to identify glucagon- and insulin-positive cells and their distribution in the porcine extrahepatic biliary ducts and gallbladder.

The Expression of Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Multinucleated Giant Cells in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: Inflammation that occurred in the tumor microenvironment was characterized by abundant macrophage infiltration, playing role in innate immunity. Multinucleate giant cells (MGCs) occur in a variety of inflammatory, hyperplastic, and neoplastic thyroid disorders. They also have been recognized as a feature of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

IL-6 Activities in the Tumour Microenvironment. Part 1.

The predominant role of IL-6 in cancer is its key promotion of tumour growth. IL-6 binds IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and the membrane-bound glycoprotein gp130. The complex I-6/IL-6R/gp130 starts the Janus kinases (JAKs) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) or JAK/STAT3 pathway.

Prognostic significance of CD83 positive tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells and expression of TGF-beta 1 in human gastric cancer.

Background/aims: In this study we analyzed the significance of CD1a and CD83 positive tumor infiltrating dendritic cells (TIDCs) and the expression of TGF-β1 in gastric cancer tissue, and their relationship with disease progression and prognosis of patients.

Methodology: The immunohistochemical expression of CD1a, CD83 and TGF-β1, was evaluated in 55 patients with gastric cancer and followed-up for five years.

Results: We found tumor infiltration with CD1a and CD83 positive DCs in all 55 cases and cytoplasmic TGF-β1 immunoreactivity in tumor cells in 76.

Expression of cell adhesion molecules and their beta1 and beta2 integrin ligands in human liver peliosis.

The expression of the following cell adhesion molecules and their beta1 and beta2 integrin ligands was investigated in the liver tissue from 3 patients with non-bacillar peliosis using light and electron microscope immunohistochemistry: intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), macrophage antigen-1 (Mac-1), and very late antigen-4 (VLA-4). We found a parallel enhancement of the adhesion molecules expression in the dilated sinusoids and cavities in all 3 cases with peliosis. Mononuclear blood cells were detected in the sinusoids and sometimes perisinusoidally.

Collagen type IV, laminin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA), alpha1 and alpha6 integrins expression in the liver with metastases from malignant gastrointestinal tumours.

Basement membrane proteins and integrins can profoundly affect the biological behaviour of metastasic tumour cells. Using light and ultrastructural immunohistochemistry, we showed the presence of alterations in the occurrence of collagen type IV and laminin, and the expression of alpha1 and alpha6 integrin chains in the livers of patients with metastases from gastric, colorectal and pancreatic cancers. The myofibroblast-like cells in the metastatic stroma were studied.

Structural examination of tryptase- and chymase-positive mast cells in livers, containing metastases from gastrointestinal cancers.

Human mast cells are categorized into mast cells positive only for tryptase (MC(T)) and mast cells positive for both tryptase and chymase (MC(TC)). The structural appearance of tryptase-, and chymase-positive mast cells in metastatic liver disease and the variations in MC(T) and MC(TC) numbers in accordance with the origin of the primary tumors have been described in the present study. Liver mast cells are analyzed immunocytochemically using tryptase and chymase and by quantitative morphometry in 30 patients with colorectal (n = 15), gastric (n = 8), and pancreatic (n = 7) cancers and in 5 control livers.

Expression of cell adhesion molecules, their ligands and tumour necrosis factor alpha in the liver of patients with metastatic gastrointestinal carcinomas.

The expression of the following cell adhesion molecules, their beta1 and beta2 integrin ligands and the cytokine tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was investigated by light and electron microscope immunohistochemistry in the liver tissue in 20 patients with colorectal and gastric cancer also presenting with liver metastases: intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular endothelial adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, leucocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), macrophage antigen-1 (Mac-1), and very late antigen-4 (VLA-4). We have found a parallel enhancement of the adhesion molecules and of TNF-alpha in liver sinusoids surrounding metastases. The expression of ICAM-1 was enhanced on sinusoidal cells in all zones of the acinus.