Chlorinated Polyfluoroalkyl Ether Sulfonic Acids (Cl-PFESAs) Are Associated with Eye Diseases in Humans and Eye Toxicity in Zebrafish.

Evidence from animal experiments has shown that chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids (Cl-PFESAs) can induce vision dysfunction in zebrafish. However, environmental epidemiological evidence supporting this hypothesis remains limited. In our case-control study, samples collected from 270 individuals (135 controls and 135 cases) from the Isomers of C8 Health Project data were analyzed for Cl-PFESAs.

Characterizing metabolomic signatures related to coffee and tea consumption and their association with incidence and dynamic progression of type 2 diabetes: A multi-state analysis.

Our study aimed to investigate the impact of tea and coffee consumption and related metabolomic signatures on dynamic transitions from diabetes-free status to incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), and subsequently to T2D-related complications and death. We included 438,970 participants in the UK Biobank who were free of diabetes and diabetes complications at baseline. Of these, 212,146 individuals had information on all metabolic biomarkers.

Fresh fruit, dried fruit, raw vegetables, and cooked vegetables consumption associated with progression trajectory of type 2 diabetes: a multi-state analysis of a prospective cohort.

Purpose: To examine the effects of fresh fruit, dried fruit, raw vegetables, and cooked vegetables on type 2 diabetes (T2D) progression trajectory.

Methods: We included 429,886 participants in the UK Biobank who were free of diabetes and diabetes complications at baseline. Food groups were determined using a validated food frequency questionnaire.

Family-Centered Care and Delayed or Missed Pediatric Preventive Care due to the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: To examine the association between family-centered care and its components with delayed or missed preventive care due to the COVID-9 pandemic among US children.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using nationally representative data from the 2021 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). Children were eligible if they received health care services in the past 12 months (n = 42,649; 79.

Association between outdoor light at night and hypertension and high-normal blood pressure: A nationwide cross-sectional study among Chinese adults.

The authors aimed to investigate the association between outdoor light at night (LAN) intensity and blood pressure. The study included 13 507 participants aged 45 and above from the 2011-2012 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study baseline survey. Blood pressure measurements were obtained by averaging the last two readings recorded (three measurements with an interval of 45-60 s between each measurement) during the survey.

Ranking age-specific modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease and mortality: evidence from a population-based longitudinal study.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a paramount contemporary health challenge. This study examined age-specific effects of 14 risk factors on CVD and mortality in different age groups.

Methods: We analyzed data from 226,759 CVD-free participants aged 40 years and older in the UK Biobank during the period from baseline time (2006-2010) to September 30, 2021.

Associations of Sleep Patterns With Dynamic Trajectory of Cardiovascular Multimorbidity and Mortality: A Multistate Analysis of a Large Cohort.

Background The purpose of this study was to explore the association of sleep patterns with the development of first cardiovascular diseases (FCVD), progression to cardiovascular multimorbidity (CVM), and subsequently to mortality. Methods and Results This prospective study included 381 179 participants without coronary heart disease, stroke, atrial fibrillation, or heart failure at baseline, and they were followed up until March 31, 2021. We generated sleep patterns by summing the scores for 5 sleep behaviors, whereby <7 or >8 hours/d of sleep, evening chronotype, frequent insomnia, snoring, and daytime dozing were defined as high-risk groups.

Factors associated with unmet pediatric health care needs during the coronavirus pandemic.

Purpose: To examine risk factors for unmet pediatric health care needs during the coronavirus pandemic in a national sample of US children under 17 years of age.

Design And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used data from the 2021 National Survey of Children's Health (n = 50,892). Unmet pediatric health care needs were assessed as follows: "during the past 12 months, was there any time when this child needed health care but it was not received?".

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Factors Associated With Delayed or Missed Pediatric Preventive Care in the US Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Importance: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted medical care use. Yet information on how the pandemic has affected pediatric preventive care use in the US is lacking.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of and risk and protective factors for delayed or missed pediatric preventive care in the US due to the COVID-19 pandemic, further stratified by race and ethnicity to assess associations by groups.

The effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on incident mental disorders among patients with prediabetes and diabetes: Findings from a large prospective cohort.

Background: The association between air pollution and mental disorders has been widely documented in the general population. However, the evidence among susceptible populations, such as individuals with prediabetes or diabetes, is still insufficient.

Methods: We analyzed data from 48,515 participants with prediabetes and 24,393 participants with diabetes from the UK Biobank.

Outdoor light at night, overweight, and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents.

Previous studies have indicated that outdoor light at night (LAN) is associated with a higher prevalence of overweight or obesity in adults. However, the association of LAN levels with overweight or obesity in children is still unknown. This study utilized data from the Seven Northeastern Cities study, which included 47,990 school-aged children and adolescents (ages 6-18 years).

Pregnancy Outcomes after Preeclampsia: The Effects of Interpregnancy Weight Change.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of interpregnancy weight change on pregnancy outcomes, including recurrent preeclampsia, preterm birth, small-for-gestational age (SGA), large-for-gestational age (LGA), and cesarean delivery, among women with a history of preeclampsia. We also evaluated whether these associations were modified by prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) category in the first pregnancy (BMI < 25 vs. ≥25 kg/m) and if associations were present among women who maintained a healthy BMI category in both pregnancies.

Smallness at Birth and Neonatal Death: Reexamining the Current Indicator Using Sibling Data.

Objective: The similarity in size among siblings has implications for neonatal death, but research in this area is lacking in the United States. We examined the association between small-for-gestational age (SGA), defined as a birthweight <10th percentile for gestational age, and neonatal death, defined as death within the first 28 days of life, among second births who had an elder sibling with SGA ("repeaters") versus those whose elder sibling did not have SGA ("nonrepeaters").

Study Design: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study including 179,436 women who had their first two nonanomalous singleton live births in Missouri (1989-2005).

The Difference in Sibling Birthweight and Neonatal Death: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: There has been a call for customized rather than population-based birthweight standards that would classify smallness based on an infant's own growth potential. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association between the difference in sibling birthweight and the likelihood of neonatal death among second births in a U.S.

Geographic variability in gestational weight gain: a multilevel population-based study of women having term births in Florida (2005-2012).

Purpose: We examined the extent of geographic variability in gestational weight gain (GWG), identified areas where women have suboptimal GWG, and evaluated whether individual- and area-level factors account for such variability.

Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study including 1,385,574 women delivering term, singleton, and live births in Florida. We used a Bayesian, structured additive regression with a spatial function to analyze data from Florida's birth certificates (2005-2012) and ZIP code tabulation areas (ZCTAs; 2010 Census).

Gestational Weight Gain in the First Two Pregnancies and Perinatal Outcomes in the Second Pregnancy.

Background: Gestational Weight Gain (GWG) below or above the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, it remains unknown whether the risk of adverse outcomes is affected by GWG in a previous pregnancy. We examined associations between GWG in the index (second) pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes, including preterm delivery and small for gestational age (SGA), while taking into consideration GWG in the first pregnancy.

Neighborhood Conditions and Psychosocial Outcomes Among Middle-Aged African Americans.

Objective: We examined associations between observed neighborhood conditions (good/adverse) and psychosocial outcomes (stress, depressive symptoms, resilience, and sense of control) among middle-aged and older African Americans.

Methods: The sample included 455 middle-aged and older African Americans examined in Wave 10 of the African American Health (AAH) study. Linear regression was adjusted for attrition, self-selection into neighborhoods, and potential confounders, and stratified by the duration at current address (<5 vs ≥5 years) because of its hypothesized role as an effect modifier.

Age at First Birth and Psychiatric Disorders in Low-Income Pregnant Women.

Background: Young maternal age at first birth has been associated with poor mental health. However, few studies directly compared the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among adolescent versus adult mothers at first birth using a comprehensive diagnostic tool. This study examined the association between age at first birth and 22 current and lifetime psychiatric disorders in a cohort of low-income pregnant women.

Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Correlates of Mental Health Services Use among Pregnant Women with Depressive Symptoms.

Objectives To examine correlates of lifetime mental health services (MHS) use among pregnant women reporting prenatal depressive symptoms by race/ethnicity. Methods This cross-sectional population-based study included 81,910 pregnant women with prenatal depressive symptoms using data from the Florida Healthy Start prenatal screening program (2008-2012). Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to ascertain adjusted odds ratios and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals for racial/ethnic differences in the correlates of lifetime MHS use.

Changes in Body Mass Index and the Trajectory of Depressive Symptoms Among Rural Men and Women.

Purpose: This study examined the association between body mass index (BMI) changes over time and the risk of elevated depressive symptoms in a cohort of Midwestern rural adults.

Methods: The longitudinal study used data from a telephone survey in 2005 including 1,475 men and women enrolled in the Walk the Ozarks to Wellness Project from 12 rural communities in Missouri, Arkansas, and Tennessee. Multilevel random intercept mixed models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between BMI calculated from self-reported height and body weight and elevated depressive symptoms, adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and medical variables.

Prepregnancy body mass index in a first uncomplicated pregnancy and outcomes of a second pregnancy.

Objective: This study examined the effect of body mass index (BMI) before a first uncomplicated pregnancy on maternal and fetal outcomes in a subsequent pregnancy, including preterm births, preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, small for gestational age, large for gestational age, and neonatal deaths.

Study Design: We conducted a population-based cohort study (n = 121,092) using the Missouri maternally linked birth registry (1989 through 2005). Multivariable binary logistic regression models were fit to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the parameters of interest after controlling for sociodemographic and pregnancy-related confounders in the second pregnancy.