Diffusion and perfusion imaging biomarkers of H3 K27M mutation status in diffuse midline gliomas.

Purpose: H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas (M-DMGs) exhibit a clinically aggressive course. We studied diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion (PWI) MRI features of DMG with the hypothesis that DWI-PWI metrics can serve as biomarkers for the prediction of the H3K27M mutation status in DMGs.

Methods: A retrospective review of the institutional database (imaging and histopathology) of patients with DMG (July 2016 to July 2020) was performed.

First report of COVID-19-associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major public health problem worldwide. These patients are at increased risk of developing secondary infections due to a combination of virus- and drug-induced immunosuppression. Recently, several countries have reported an emergence of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis (CAM), particularly among patients with uncontrolled diabetes, with India reporting an alarming increase in rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) in post-COVID cases.

Isolated thrombosis of cortical veins - Clinical and radiological correlation.

Isolated cortical venous thrombosis (ICVT) is a relatively rare clinical entity with non-specific clinical presentations. Anatomical variations in cortical veins and the lack of a gold standard imaging feature make the diagnosis of ICVT challenging. Headache and seizures were the most common presentations.

Prediction of H3K27M mutation status of diffuse midline gliomas using MRI features.

Background And Purpose: Presurgical prediction of H3K27M mutation in diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) on MRI is desirable. The purpose of this study is to elaborate conventional MRI (cMRI) features of H3K27M-mutant DMGs and identify features that could discriminate them from wild-type (WT) DMGs.

Methods: CMRI features of 123 patients with DMG were evaluated conforming to the institutional research protocols.

Cribriform Appearance of White Matter in Canavan Disease Associated with Novel Mutations of Gene.

Cribriform appearance of the brain in Canavan disease is a rare finding. The two presented cases broaden the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phenotype wherein numerous oval, cystic structures, a few resembling dilated (VR) spaces, were noted in the centrum semiovale, periventricular, and lobar white matter producing a cribriform pattern. Besides, discrete round to oval cysts were present at the gray-white matter junctions in the second case, which were larger and appeared morphologically distinct from the VR spaces.

Neuroimaging Findings in Rabies Encephalitis.

Background And Purpose: Rabies encephalitis is a near-fatal zoonotic disease that is usually diagnosed on clinical grounds in conjunction with characteristic history. Owing to its rapidly progressive nature, imaging is seldom performed, and hence a description of imaging findings in rabies encephalitis is anecdotal and limited.

Methods: We describe MRI findings in eight confirmed rabies cases that presented to our institute over the last 21 years.

Clinical, neuroimaging and therapeutic response in AQP4-positive NMO patients from India.

Background: Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is an autoimmune astrocytopathic disorder due to AQP4 antibodies.

Objectives: To analyse clinical, neuroimaging features in NMO patients and assess the efficacy of various therapeutics.

Methods: AQP4+ve NMO patients were diagnosed based on consensus diagnostic criteria.

Diffusion restriction in ethylmalonic encephalopathy - An imaging evidence of the pathophysiology of the disease.

Ethylmalonic encephalopathy is an inborn error of metabolism characterized by encephalopathy, petechiae chronic diarrhea and acrocyanosis. Imaging findings include patchy signal changes in the basal ganglia, periaqueductal region, subcortical white matter and cerebellum. We describe the novel finding of diffusion restriction in brain lesions, in a proven case of ethylmalonic encephalopathy.

Novel imaging findings in two cases of biotinidase deficiency-a treatable metabolic disorder.

Biotinidase deficiency is one of the few treatable inborn errors of metabolism. We describe unique MRI features in two patients with biotinidase deficiency. Brain MRI in case one demonstrated symmetrical diffusion restriction in bilateral hippocampi, parahippocampal gyri, central tegmental tracts, and cerebellar white matter besides other structures that have been reported previously.

Imaging features of rosette-forming glioneuronal tumours (RGNTs): A Series of seven cases.

Objective: Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumours (RGNTs) are a recently described, rare, distinct nosological entity of the glioneuronal family. We describe imaging findings (CT and MRI) in seven patients with RGNTs.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study includes seven RGNT patients (4 male, 3 female; age range: 7-42 years; mean age: 25 years) diagnosed and treated at our institute.