Multiple Representations in geospatial databases, the brain's spatial cells, and deep learning algorithms.

Buttenfield (1988) pioneered research on multiple representations in the dawn of GIScience. Her efforts evoked inquiries into fundamental issues arising from the selective abstractions of infinite geographic complexity in spatial databases, cartography and application needs for varied geographic details. These fundamental issues posed ontological challenges (e.

Geospatial environmental complexity, spatial brain volume, and spatial behavior across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum.

Introduction: Understanding impact of environmental properties on Alzheimer's disease (AD) is paramount. Spatial complexity of one's routinely navigated environment is an important but understudied factor.

Methods: A total of 660 older adults from National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) dataset were geolocated and environmental complexity index derived from geospatial network landmarks and points-of-interest.

Mechanisms for change: A theoretical pathway for a school-wide social-emotional learning initiative in an urban middle school.

Introduction: Investment in academic instruction without complementary attention to the social-emotional environment of students may lead to a failure of both. The current study evaluates a proposed mechanism for change, whereby academic achievement occurs as a result of the social-emotional learning environment impacting behavioral (discipline) outcomes.

Methods: We tested the hypothesized model during each year of a 3-year intervention to determine whether the relations among these constructs held potential as a pathway for targeted improvement.

Psychology of word of mouth marketing.

Given the importance of online word of mouth (WOM), there has been an increasing need to understand the psychological mechanisms that underlie WOM transmission (i.e. sharing of opinions) and reception (i.

Aversive smell associations shape social judgment.

Once associating another person with an unpleasant smell, how do we perceive and judge this person from that moment on? Here, we used aversive olfactory conditioning followed by a social attribution task during functional magnetic resonance imaging to address this question. After conditioning, where one of two faces was repeatedly paired with an aversive smell, the participants reported negative affect when viewing the smell-conditioned but not the neutral face. When subsequently confronted with the smell-conditioned face (without any smell), the participants tended to judge both positive and negative behaviors as indicative of personality traits rather than related to the situation.

Sodium shortage as a constraint on the carbon cycle in an inland tropical rainforest.

Sodium (Na) is uncommon in plants but essential to the metabolism of plant consumers, both decomposers and herbivores. One consequence, previously unexplored, is that as Na supplies decrease (e.g.

Community health assessment using self-organizing maps and geographic information systems.

Background: From a public health perspective, a healthier community environment correlates with fewer occurrences of chronic or infectious diseases. Our premise is that community health is a non-linear function of environmental and socioeconomic effects that are not normally distributed among communities. The objective was to integrate multivariate data sets representing social, economic, and physical environmental factors to evaluate the hypothesis that communities with similar environmental characteristics exhibit similar distributions of disease.

Comparison of Remote Sensing Image Processing Techniques to Identify Tornado Damage Areas from Landsat TM Data.

Remote sensing techniques have been shown effective for large-scale damagesurveys after a hazardous event in both near real-time or post-event analyses. The paperaims to compare accuracy of common imaging processing techniques to detect tornadodamage tracks from Landsat TM data. We employed the direct change detection approachusing two sets of images acquired before and after the tornado event to produce a principalcomponent composite images and a set of image difference bands.

Energy gradients and the geographic distribution of local ant diversity.

Geographical diversity gradients, even among local communities, can ultimately arise from geographical differences in speciation and extinction rates. We evaluated three models--energy-speciation, energy-abundance, and area--that predict how geographic trends in net diversification rates generate trends in diversity. We sampled 96 litter ant communities from four provinces: Australia, Madagascar, North America, and South America.

Spatial grain and the causes of regional diversity gradients in ants.

Gradients of species richness (S; the number of species of a given taxon in a given area and time) are ubiquitous. A key goal in ecology is to understand whether and how the many processes that generate these gradients act at different spatial scales. Here we evaluate six hypotheses for diversity gradients with 49 New World ant communities, from tundra to rain forest.