Phycoremediation of 1,4 dioxane-laden wastewater: A Techno-economic and sustainable development approach.

Microalgal tolerance to emerging contaminants (ECs) such as 1,4 dioxane (DXN) and its impact on phycoremediation performance, algal growth, biomolecules generated, and recycling the produced biomass for biochar production has been rarely reported. Hence, Chlorella vulgaris was cultivated in DXN-free wastewater (WW1) and 100 mg L DXN-laden wastewater (WW2) in 1-liter photobioreactors with an operating volume of 800 ml under controlled conditions: temperature (25 ± 1 °C), light intensity (351 μmol ms), and photoperiod (12 h light:12 h dark). Interestingly, this microalgal-based system achieved up to 32.