Vertical sleeve gastrectomy and semaglutide have distinct effects on skeletal health and heart function in obese male mice.

Obesity is a global health challenge associated with significant metabolic and cardiovascular risks. Bariatric surgery and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are effective interventions for weight loss and metabolic improvement, yet their comparative effects on systemic metabolism-particularly energy metabolism, bone health, and heart function-remain unclear. In this study, obese male mice underwent vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), 6 weeks of GLP-1RA (semaglutide) treatment, or sham procedure with saline injection as controls.

Heartbeat of Care: Exploring Radiographers' Insights Into CPR Knowledge and Attitudes in Jordan.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of Jordanian radiographers toward Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), in addition to exploring factors associated with their knowledge and attitude.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Convenience sampling was used to collect data from 359 radiographers currently working at governmental, university, military, and private hospitals across the country.

Nonoperative Management of Rectal Cancer: Is "Near-Complete" Response Safe to Surveil?

Background: Nonoperative management of rectal cancer in patients who achieve near-complete response following total neoadjuvant therapy remains controversial and understudied.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary National Cancer Institute-designated cancer center included patients with rectal cancer who initiated active surveillance after achieving near-complete response following induction radiotherapy and consolidation chemotherapy. Near-complete response was determined based on restaging endoluminal evaluation and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging.

Severe filarial chyluria Managed successfully with sclerotherapy: A case report from Sudan.

Introduction: Chyluria is characterized by the passage of milky urine resulting from abnormal lymphatic drainage into the urinary tract. In parasitic cases, it is commonly caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and has varying severities. Diagnosis relies on clinical, laboratory, and radiological assessments, with treatment options spanning dietary modifications to surgical interventions.

Direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in nephrotic syndrome patients: a retrospective study.

Background: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Anticoagulants are widely used in the prevention of VTE in NS patients. The use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has not been studied intensively in NS patients.

The clinical range and management of spontaneous rupture of the pathological malarial spleen (SRPMS): A short case series from Sudan.

Introduction: Spontaneous rupture of the pathological malarial spleen (SRPMS) is a rare condition with a mortality rate among travelers of approximately 38 %, whereas it was around 10 % for local citizens. The mortality rate for overwhelming post-splenectomy sepsis was reported to be about 50 %.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from febraury2022 to July 2022.

Gum Resin Mitigates Renal Toxicity: Role of TNF-α, Interleukins, TGF-β, and Lipid Peroxidation.

Being a central organ in homeostasis and maintaining the health of the biological system, kidneys are exposed to variable toxicants. Long-term exposure to nephrotoxic molecules causes chronic renal damage that causes fibrosis and loss of function. Such damage can be initiated by oxidative stress which provokes inflammation.

Associations of Plant-Based Foods, Animal Products, and Selected Sociodemographic Factors with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Risk.

Background: Diet influences the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Plant-based diets rich in vegetables, fruits, legumes, seeds, and nuts may reduce inflammation and improve gut health, while high-fat foods may worsen symptoms.

Objective: We examined the association between plant-based and animal-based foods, selected demographic characteristics, and the likelihood of GERD in Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia.

Microenvironment and Biomarkers in Esophageal Cancers: An Approach for Early Detection and Identification.

Background Esophageal cancer is a prevalent and highly lethal malignancy worldwide, comprising two main subtypes: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). While both subtypes are frequently encountered, ESCC has historically been more common globally. However, in recent decades, EAC has emerged as the predominant type in industrialized nations, often developing from Barrett's esophagus, a condition driven by chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

A global prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use among students: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 4,189,145 subjects.

Background: The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), including e-cigarettes, vape pens, hookah pens, e-cigars, and e-pipes, has grown in popularity worldwide, particularly among young individuals. However, these products are not without risks, as their emissions may contain harmful substances such as diacetyl (a flavoring agent linked to specific pulmonary problems in high concentrations), tobacco-specific nitrosamines, and volatile organic compounds with unknown long-term effects on lung health.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of ENDS use among school and college students on a global scale.

Bridging the Gap: How Accounting for Social Determinants of Health Can Improve Digital Health Equity in Cardiovascular Medicine.

Purpose Of Review: In this review, we discuss the importance of digital health equity and how social determinants of health (and intersectionality with race, ethnicity, and gender) affect cardiovascular health-related outcomes in digital health trials. We propose strategies to improve digital health equity as we move to a digitally-connected world for healthcare applications and beyond.

Recent Findings: Digital health has immense promise to improve population health by reaching individuals in their homes, at their preferred times.

Green synthesis of metal nanocarriers: A perspective for targeting glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma, the most aggressive brain cancer, is challenging to treat owing to the difficulty of crossing the blood-brain barrier, high recurrence rates and significant mortality. This review highlights the potential of green synthesis methods in developing metal nanoparticles (MNPs) as a sustainable solution for drug delivery systems targeting glioblastoma. We explore the unique properties and modes of action of MNPs synthesised through eco-friendly processes by focusing on their bioavailability and precision in brain targeting, and discuss the potential of MNPs to target glioblastoma at the molecular level.

Histological and photoacoustic evaluation of rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy using microvascular density.

Aim: As non-operative management of rectal cancer proliferates, re-staging and surveillance methods are critical in selecting appropriate patients for organ preservation versus proctectomy. In previous work, the authors have shown that transrectal acoustic resolution photoacoustic microscopy (ARPAM) co-registered with ultrasound can differentiate residual cancer from complete tumoural response to neoadjuvant therapy. We hypothesize that these findings are due to changes in microvascular density (MVD).

Chemerin, TNF - α and the degree of albuminuria in patients with diabetic kidney disease.

Background: Chronic inflammation has been increasingly recognized as an essential pathogenic mechanism for the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Chemerin is an adipokine which has been suggested to be related to inflammation and has been correlated with the development of diabetic complications. We aimed to explore the potential links between chemerin, TNF - α, as a marker of systemic inflammation, and the level of albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

The Association between Maternal Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Exposure during Pregnancy and the Incidence of Male Urogenital Defects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The increasing incidence of hypospadias and cryptorchidism, coupled with the widespread presence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), has raised concerns about the potential impact of these environmental factors on male urogenital development. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the association between maternal exposure to various EDCs and the risk of hypospadias and cryptorchidism. We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases from inception until May 2024.

Secondary Sjögren's syndrome in a rheumatoid arthritis patient: A case report and review of literature.

Secondary Sjogren's syndrome (sSS) is a medical condition that occurs in individuals with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis. It predominantly affects females rather than males. We present a case of a 32-year-old female with a 3-year history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who presented to the internal medicine and rheumatology clinic with several complaints, including swelling and tenderness in her left jaw, dry mouth (xerostomia), irritated eyes (xerophthalmia), severe joint pain, and a decreased in saliva production.

A portable photoacoustic microscopy and ultrasound system for rectal cancer imaging.

Photoacoustic microscopy offers functional information regarding tissue vasculature while ultrasound characterizes tissue structure. Combining these two modalities provides novel clinical applications including response assessment among rectal cancer patients undergoing therapy. We have previously demonstrated the capabilities of a co-registered photoacoustic and ultrasound device , but multiple challenges limited broad adoption.

Seroprevalence and molecular detection of infection in livestock in the United Arab Emirates.

Small ruminants and camels are important livestock species in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), although infection can limit their productivity. This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of infection and its associated risk factors in small ruminants and camels in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. Additionally, seropositive animals were tested for the DNA of .

Socioeconomic disparities and their effect on medical student academic attainment sudanese universities.

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is a social classification factor that takes into account income, parental education and occupation. SES has been shown to play an important role in shaping students' academic performance, including in medical schools, but there still remains significant variation in findings around SES and academic achievement worldwide. We aim to assess and explore socioeconomic disparities and their effects on medical school performance at Sudanese public and private universities.

Improvement of solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability of phenytoin intercalated in Mg-Al layered double hydroxide.

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are highly effective drug delivery systems, owing to their capacity to intercalate or adsorb biomaterials, flexible structure, swelling property, high stability, good biocompatibility, and ease of synthesis. Phenytoin (PHT) is an antiseizure BCS (Biopharmaceutics Classification System) class II drug, presenting low aqueous solubility. Therefore, the current study aimed at increasing its solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability.

Neuroprotective Effects of Total Extract and Isolated Compounds.

L. is a plant commonly utilized in herbal medicine and stands out as one of the more extensively researched medicinal plants globally. It has been documented with respect to several pharmacological activities, notably, neuroprotective effects, among others.