Extended Reality Applications in Otolaryngology Beyond the Operating Room: A Scoping Review.

: Extended reality (XR) has increasing usage in medicine, especially surgical fields, but the scope of applications is largely limited to intraoperative navigation. The aim of this scoping review is to evaluate all the available literature on how XR technologies have been applied to otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS) beyond the operating room for applications such as patient education and interdisciplinary communication. : Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed and Scopus.

Opioid-Sparing Protocol for Endocrine Surgery (OSPREY): A Prospective Study.

Background: Thyroid and parathyroid operations are among the most commonly performed surgeries in the world; however, there remains a paucity of prospective clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of opioid-sparing protocols after surgery.

Study Design: This prospective nonrandomized study was performed between March and October 2021. Participants self-selected their cohort of either an opioid-sparing protocol of acetaminophen/ibuprofen or a treatment-as-usual protocol with opioids.

Impact of Histologic Risk Factors on Recurrence Rates for Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objectives: This study assesses the impact of adverse histologic risk factors including worst pattern of invasion (WPOI), predominant pattern of invasion (PPOI), tumor budding, and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILS), on risk of recurrence in patients with early-stage Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OCSCC).

Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed at a single institution to identify patients with OCSCC who underwent surgical excision. Inclusion criteria included T1-T2 stage disease based on AJCC seventh edition guidelines, no cervical lymph node involvement, no perineural invasion (PNI), no lymphovascular invasion (LVI), no post-operative adjuvant radiation therapy, and cancer involving only the oral tongue or floor of mouth.

Comparison of Parotidectomy With Observation for Treatment of Pleomorphic Adenoma in Adults.

Importance: There is no consensus regarding optimal management of pleomorphic adenoma in adults.

Objectives: To compare parotidectomy with observation for the management of pleomorphic adenoma in patients 50 years or older by age.

Design And Setting: This decision analytical model was performed from November 21, 2019, to June 15, 2020, using a Markov model.

Challenges facing otolaryngologists in low- and middle-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges for otolaryngologists practicing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This commentary highlights some of the particular challenges in low resource settings, including limited testing, insufficient personal protective equipment, small numbers of surgeons, and competing socio-economic demands. The commentary focuses on specific examples from around the world to draw attention to these challenges and also highlight examples of success and innovation.

Cost-Effectiveness of Depression Screening for Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Residents.

Objectives: This study aims to determine the cost-effectiveness of screening and treating otolaryngology-head and neck surgery residents for depression.

Methods: A Markov model was built using TreeAgePro, version 2019 (TreeAge Software Inc.; Williamstown, MA) to assess the cost-effectiveness of five potential treatment algorithms: 1) treat all residents with psychotherapy, 2) screen and treat depressed residents with psychotherapy, 3) screen and treat depressed residents with pharmacotherapy, 4) screen and treat depressed residents with combination psychotherapy/pharmacotherapy, and 5) no intervention.

Managing head and neck cancer patients with tracheostomy or laryngectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Head and neck cancer patients with tracheostomies and laryngectomies, as well as their healthcare providers, face unique challenges in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. This document consolidates best available evidence to date and presents recommendations to minimize the risks of aerosolization and SARS-CoV-2 exposures in both the inpatient and outpatient settings. The cornerstones of these recommendations include the use of closed-circuit ventilation whenever possible, cuffed tracheostomy tubes, judicious use of heat moisture exchange units, appropriate personal protective equipment for providers and patients, meticulous hand hygiene, and minimal manipulation of tracheostomy tubes.

Tracheostomy Complications in the Emergency Department: A National Analysis of 38,271 Cases.

Background: Greater than 100,000 tracheotomies are performed annually in the USA, yet little is known regarding patients who present to the emergency department (ED) with tracheostomy complications.

Objectives: To characterize patient and hospital characteristics, outcomes, and charges associated with tracheostomy complications and to identify predictors of admission and mortality.

Methods: The 2009-2011 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) was queried for patients with a principle diagnosis of tracheostomy complication.

Morbidity and mortality among patients with head and neck cancer in the emergency department: A national perspective.

Background: Emergency departments are playing an increasing role in cancer management. Emergency department utilization by patients with head and neck cancer, however, is unknown.

Methods: The 2009-2011 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample was queried for patients with a principle diagnosis of head and neck cancer.

Head and Neck Cancer in Haiti: A Case Series from Hopital de L'Universite d'Etat d'Haiti.

This manuscript characterizes the demographics, presenting symptoms and risk factors of patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer at Hopital de L'Universite d'Etat d'Haiti (HUEH), Haiti's single largest healthcare facility. We conducted a prospective study of patients who presented to HUEH between January and March of 2016 with a lesion of the head or neck suspicious for cancer. All patients who met eligibility criteria received a biopsy, which was interpreted by a Haitian pathologist and when the specimen was available was confirmed by a team of pathologists from Stanford University.

Intraoperative Corticosteroids for Voice Outcomes among Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To determine if a preoperative dose of intravenous corticosteroids reduces the risk of postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and improves subjective voice outcomes among patients undergoing thyroidectomy.

Data Sources: PubMed, Cochrane database, and EMBASE.

Review Methods: Randomized controlled trials comparing corticosteroids with placebo on voice outcomes in thyroid surgery were extracted with standardized search criteria.

Retrograde Parotidectomy and facial nerve outcomes: A case series of 44 patients.

Purpose: The most common surgical method to remove benign parotid tumors remains the prograde approach. We examined if a retrograde surgical technique offers better outcomes than historical prograde controls.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective chart review at Stanford Hospital was conducted to identify retrograde parotidectomies between February 2012 and October 2014 that were staffed by the senior author (DS) with resident involvement.

Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery in a low income country: The Haitian experience.

Objective: Little is known regarding the diagnosis and management of pediatric surgical conditions of the head and neck in low-income countries. Haiti, the western hemisphere's poorest country, recently developed its first Otorhinolaryngology (ORL) department at the Hopital de L'Universite d'Etat d'Haiti (HUEH). This manuscript assesses the caseload at HUEH with a special emphasis on pediatric cases, with the aim of characterizing ORL related conditions and their treatments in low-income countries.