Rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birth weight neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Importance: Large-scale estimates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are warranted for adequate prevention and treatment. However, systematic approaches to ascertain rates of BPD are lacking.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of BPD in very low birth weight (≤ 1,500 g) or very low gestational age (< 32 weeks) neonates.

Foliar Symptomology, Nutrient Content, Yield, and Secondary Metabolite Variability of Cannabis Grown Hydroponically with Different Single-Element Nutrient Deficiencies.

In controlled environment production systems, (hereafter cannabis) is a commodity with high nutrient demands due to prolific growth under optimized environmental conditions. Since nutrient deficiencies can reduce yield and quality, cultivators need tools to rapidly detect and evaluate deficiency symptoms so corrective actions can be taken quickly to minimize losses. We grew cannabis plants in solution culture with different individual nutrient elements withheld from the solutions to identify deficiency symptoms.

CRISPR metabolic screen identifies ATM and KEAP1 as targetable genetic vulnerabilities in solid tumors.

Cancer treatments targeting DNA repair deficiencies often encounter drug resistance, possibly due to alternative metabolic pathways that counteract the most damaging effects. To identify such alternative pathways, we screened for metabolic pathways exhibiting synthetic lethality with inhibition of the DNA damage response kinase Ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) using a metabolism-centered Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 library. Our data revealed Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) as a key factor involved in desensitizing cancer cells to ATM inhibition both in vitro and in vivo.

Understanding and Rebalancing: A Rapid Scoping Review of Cannabis Research Among Indigenous People.

Evidence-based perspectives on and patterns of cannabis use are vital to addressing ethical, legal, and regulatory controversies, but have not yet been mapped for Indigenous people. We searched five databases and used a rapid scoping review methodology to analyze empirical studies with a primary focus on cannabis and Indigenous peoples. Studies were examined for year of publication, origin of study and author groups, methods, and thematic foci.

Indoor grown cannabis yield increased proportionally with light intensity, but ultraviolet radiation did not affect yield or cannabinoid content.

Cannabis () flourishes under high light intensities (LI); making it an expensive commodity to grow in controlled environments, despite its high market value. It is commonly believed that cannabis secondary metabolite levels may be enhanced both by increasing LI and exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV). However, the sparse scientific evidence is insufficient to guide cultivators for optimizing their lighting protocols.

Burnout in Professional Psychotherapists: Relationships with Self-Compassion, Work-Life Balance, and Telepressure.

Though negative impacts of COVID-19 on occupational mental health have been reported, the mental health of psychotherapists has not been evaluated in depth. As this occupational group treats ever-increasing mental health problems, it is essential to appraise key factors for their mental health. Accordingly, this study aimed to explore burnout of professional psychotherapists.

Medical Cannabis and Industrial Hemp Tissue Culture: Present Status and Future Potential.

In recent years high-THC (psychoactive) and low-THC (industrial hemp) type cannabis ( L.) have gained immense attention in medical, food, and a plethora of other consumer product markets. Among the planting materials used for cultivation, tissue culture clones provide various advantages such as economies of scale, production of disease-free and true-to-type plants for reducing the risk of GMP-EuGMP level medical cannabis production, as well as the development and application of various technologies for genetic improvement.

Improved in vitro rooting in liquid culture using a two piece scaffold system.

Plant tissue culture techniques have been used to propagate horticultural crops at a commercial scale for more than three decades. However, due to the high cost it is generally only used for high value crops. To increase production efficiency and make micropropagation viable for a wider range of species, new approaches to address key steps of the process with high labor inputs need to be evaluated.

The impacts of combined social and economic empowerment training on intimate partner violence, depression, gender norms and livelihoods among women: an individually randomised controlled trial and qualitative study in Afghanistan.

Introduction: We assessed whether the Women for Women International (WfWI) economic and social empowerment programme could reduce women's experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) and depression in Afghanistan.

Methods: We conducted a two-arm individually randomised controlled trial in six urban and peri-urban communities. Communities were selected by WfWI for being conflict affected and showing signs of economic vulnerability (eg, little or no education, living in extreme poverty).

Intranasal delivery of human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells restores lung alveolarization and vascularization in experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a devastating lung condition that develops in premature newborns exposed to prolonged mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen. Significant morbidity and mortality are associated with this costly disease and effective therapies are limited. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can repair injured tissue by secreting paracrine factors known to restore the function and integrity of injured lung epithelium and endothelium.

Isolation and identification of mosquito biting deterrents from the North American mosquito repelling folk remedy plant, Matricaria discoidea DC.

Matricaria discoidea DC. (Asteraceae) has documented use as an insect repellent by Blackfoot Indians and other indigenous groups of North America. This investigation was conducted to evaluate this practice and systematically identify chemical constituents responsible for any insect repelling effect by utilizing a mosquito (Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus)) biting deterrent bioactivity-directed purification approach.

Efficient 240W single-mode 1018nm laser from an Ytterbium-doped 50/400µm all-solid photonic bandgap fiber.

Lowering the quantum defect by tandem pumping with fiber lasers at 1018nm was critical for achieving the record 10kW single-mode ytterbium fiber laser. Here we report the demonstration of an efficient directly-diode-pumped single-mode ytterbium fiber laser with 240W at 1018nm. The key for the combination of high efficiency, high power and single-mode at 1018nm is an ytterbium-doped 50μm/400μm all-solid photonic bandgap fiber, which has a practical all-solid design and a pump cladding much larger than those used in previous demonstrations of single-mode 1018nm ytterbium fiber lasers, enabling higher pump powers.

An individually randomized controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of the Women for Women International Programme in reducing intimate partner violence and strengthening livelihoods amongst women in Afghanistan: trial design, methods and baseline findings.

Background: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is the most common form of violence in conflict and post-conflict settings, but there are few evaluations of interventions to prevent IPV in such settings.

Methods: The Women for Women International (WfWI) intervention is a year-long combined economic and social empowerment intervention for marginalized women survivors of conflict. Primarily, it seeks to support women to achieve four key outcomes: women earn and save money; women improve their health and well-being; women influence decisions in their homes and communities; women connect to networks for support.

Tapered polysilicon core fibers for nonlinear photonics: erratum.

We correct an error of the nonlinear refractive index used in our original paper.

Application of 3D printing to prototype and develop novel plant tissue culture systems.

Background: Due to the complex process of designing and manufacturing new plant tissue culture vessels through conventional means there have been limited efforts to innovate improved designs. Further, development and availability of low cost, energy efficient LEDs of various spectra has made it a promising light source for plant growth in controlled environments. However, direct replacement of conventional lighting sources with LEDs does not address problems with uniformity, spectral control, or the challenges in conducting statistically valid experiments to assess the effects of light.

Isolation and Identification of Mosquito (Aedes aegypti) Biting-Deterrent Compounds from the Native American Ethnobotanical Remedy Plant Hierochloë odorata (Sweetgrass).

Hierochloë odorata (L.) P. Beauv.

Large-mode-area fibers operating near single-mode regime.

Lower NA in large-mode-area fibers enables better single-mode operation and larger core diameters. Fiber NA has traditionally been limited to 0.06, mostly due to the control tolerance in the fabrication process.

Tapered polysilicon core fibers for nonlinear photonics.

We propose and demonstrate a novel approach to obtaining small-core polysilicon waveguides from the silicon fiber platform. The fibers were fabricated via a conventional drawing tower method and, subsequently, tapered down to achieve silicon core diameters of ∼1  μm, the smallest optical cores for this class of fiber to date. Characterization of the material properties have shown that the taper process helps to improve the local crystallinity of the silicon core, resulting in a significant reduction in the material loss.

Quantification of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in North American plants and honey by LC-MS: single laboratory validation.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are a class of naturally occurring compounds produced by many flowering plants around the World. Their presence as contaminants in food systems has become a significant concern in recent years. For example, PAs are often found as contaminants in honey through pollen transfer.

Extending mode areas of single-mode all-solid photonic bandgap fibers.

Mode area scaling of optical fiber is highly desirable for high power fiber laser applications. It is well known that incorporation of additional smaller cores in the cladding can be used to resonantly out-couple higher-order modes from a main core to suppress higher-order-mode propagation in the main core. Using a novel design with multiple coupled smaller cores in the cladding, we have successfully demonstrated a single-mode photonic bandgap fiber with record effective mode area of ~2650µm(2).

Polarizing ytterbium-doped all-solid photonic bandgap fiber with ~1150µm(2) effective mode area.

We demonstrate an Yb-doped polarizing all-solid photonic bandgap fiber for single-polarization and single-mode operation with an effective mode area of ~1150µm(2), a record for all-solid photonic bandgap fibers. The differential polarization mode loss is measured to be >5dB/m over the entire transmission band with a 160nm bandwidth and >15dB/m on the short wavelength edge of the band. A 2.

Quantitative mode quality characterization of fibers with extremely large mode areas by matched white-light interferometry.

Quantitative mode characterization of fibers with cores much beyond 50µm is difficult with existing techniques due to the combined effects of smaller intermodal group delays and dispersions. We demonstrate, for the first time, a new method using a matched white-light interferometry (MWI) to cancel fiber dispersion and achieve finer temporal resolution, demonstrating ~20fs temporal resolution in intermodal delays, i.e.

Ytterbium-doped large-mode-area all-solid photonic bandgap fiber lasers.

Single-mode operation in a large-mode-area fiber laser is highly desired for power scaling. We have, for the first time, demonstrated a 50μm-core-diameter Yb-doped all-solid photonic bandgap fiber laser with a mode area over 4 times that of the previous demonstration. 75W output power has been generated with a diffraction-limited beam and an efficiency of 70% relative to the launched pump power.

Galanthamine, an anticholinesterase drug, effects plant growth and development in Artemisia tridentate Nutt. via modulation of auxin and neutrotransmitter signaling.

Galanthamine is a naturally occurring acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitor that has been well established as a drug for treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer disease, but the role of the compound in plant metabolism is not known. The current study was designed to investigate whether galanthamine could redirect morphogenesis of Artemisia tridentata Nutt. cultures by altering concentration of endogenous neurosignaling molecules acetylcholine (Ach), auxin (IAA), melatonin (Mel), and serotonin (5HT).

Flat-top mode from a 50 µm-core Yb-doped leakage channel fiber.

We demonstrate for the first time a flat-top mode from a 50 µm-core Yb-doped leakage channel fiber (LCF). The flat intensity distribution leads to an effective mode area of ~1880 µm(2) in the straight fiber, an over 50% increase comparing to that of regular LCF with the same core diameter. The flat-top mode was achieved by using a uniform Yb-doped silica glass in the core center with an index of ~2 × 10(-4) lower than that of the silica background.