Organization of Chromatin by Intrinsic and Regulated Phase Separation.

Eukaryotic chromatin is highly condensed but dynamically accessible to regulation and organized into subdomains. We demonstrate that reconstituted chromatin undergoes histone tail-driven liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in physiologic salt and when microinjected into cell nuclei, producing dense and dynamic droplets. Linker histone H1 and internucleosome linker lengths shared across eukaryotes promote phase separation of chromatin, tune droplet properties, and coordinate to form condensates of consistent density in manners that parallel chromatin behavior in cells.

Feasibility and reproducibility of liver and pancreatic stiffness in patients with alcohol-related liver disease.

Background: To date no studies evaluated liver stiffness and pancreatic stiffness by shear-wave elastography, in alcoholic liver disease setting.

Aims: To assess feasibility and reproducibility of Shear-wave elastrography in measuring liver and pancreatic stiffness in alcoholic liver disease and investigate the correlation among liver and pancreatic stiffness and clinical data.

Methods: Liver and pancreatic stiffness were measured by elastography (2 examiners) in patients with alcoholic liver disease and in healthy volunteers, for reference values.