Incidence and risk factors of preoperative anxiety in Spanish-speaking children living in a Spanish-speaking country.

Background: Most research on preoperative anxiety has focused on non-Latino populations. A study performed in the USA found that children from Spanish-speaking Latino families experienced higher anxiety than children from English-speaking families.

Aims: To report the incidence and level of preoperative anxiety in native Spanish-speaking children living in their home country and to assess risk factors associated with higher anxiety levels.

Inter and intra-observer agreement evaluation of the AO and the Tronzo classification systems of fractures of the trochanteric area.

Introduction: We performed an agreement study of the AO and the Tronzo classifications of fractures of the trochanteric area to determine if they allow communication among practitioners with different levels of expertise.

Material And Methods: Complete radiographs of 70 patients with trochanteric fractures were classified by nine evaluators (three hip sub-specialists, three orthopaedic surgery residents and three medical interns) using the AO and the Tronzo classifications. After a six-week interval, all cases were presented in a random sequence for repeat evaluation.